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Marginalism is a theory of economics that attempts to explain the discrepancy in the value of goods and services by reference to their secondary, or marginal, utility. It states that the reason why the price of diamonds is higher than that of water, for example, owes to the greater additional satisfaction of the diamonds over the water.
marginal product of capital; marginal rate of transformation, the rate at which one output or result must be sacrificed in order to increase another output or result; marginal revenue product; marginal propensity to save and consume; marginal tax rate; marginal efficiency of capital; Marginalism is the use of marginal concepts to explain ...
Within economics, margin is a concept used to describe the current level of consumption or production of a good or service. [1] Margin also encompasses various concepts within economics, denoted as marginal concepts, which are used to explain the specific change in the quantity of goods and services produced and consumed.
This principle is so well established that economists call it the "law of diminishing marginal utility" and it is reflected in the concave shape of most utility functions. [13] This concept is fundamental to understanding a variety of economic phenomena, such as time preference and the value of goods .
In statistics, the principle of marginality, sometimes called hierarchical principle, is the fact that the average (or main) effects of variables in an analysis are marginal to their interaction effect—that is, the main effect of one explanatory variable captures the effect of that variable averaged over all values of a second explanatory variable whose value influences the first variable's ...
Gossen's Second “Law”, named for Hermann Heinrich Gossen (1810–1858), is the assertion that an economic agent will allocate his or her expenditures such that the ratio of the marginal utility of each good or service to its price (the marginal expenditure necessary for its acquisition) is equal to that for every other good or service.
The law of diminishing returns is a fundamental principle of both micro and macro economics and it plays a central role in production theory. [ 5 ] The concept of diminishing returns can be explained by considering other theories such as the concept of exponential growth . [ 6 ]
According to this theory, the consumer places a value on a commodity by determining the marginal utility, or additional satisfaction of one additional unit. [17] [18] Marginalism employs concepts such as marginal utility, marginal rate of substitution, and opportunity costs [19] to explain consumer preferences and price.