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A drawing by Konrad Lorenz showing facial expressions of a dog. The grimace scale (GS), sometimes called the grimace score, is a method of assessing the occurrence or severity of pain experienced by non-human animals according to objective and blinded scoring of facial expressions, as is done routinely for the measurement of pain in non-verbal humans.
Canine hip dysplasia. In dogs, hip dysplasia is an abnormal formation of the hip socket that, in its more severe form, can eventually cause lameness and arthritis of the joints. It is a genetic (polygenic) trait that is affected by environmental factors. It is common in many dog breeds, particularly the larger breeds, and is the most common ...
Pain scale. A Chinese pain scale diagram, rating pain on a scale of 1 to 10. A pain scale measures a patient 's pain intensity or other features. Pain scales are a common communication tool in medical contexts, and are used in a variety of medical settings. Pain scales are a necessity to assist with better assessment of pain and patient screening.
PennHIP. PennHIP (an acronym for "University of Penn sylvania H ip I mprovement P rogram") is a program which evaluates the quality of the hips in dogs. [1] The program was established at the University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine by Gail Smith [2] in 1993, with the primary objective of reducing the prevalence of hip dysplasia ...
Hip score. Hip scoring is a procedure used to determine the degree of hip dysplasia in dogs and other animals and reporting the findings in a standard way. The hip score is the sum of the points awarded for each of nine radiographic features of both hip joints. The British Veterinary Association uses the following criteria to determine hip score:
Mirel's score. (Redirected from Mirel's Score) Mirels' score is a tool useful in the management of bone tumors, by identifying those patients who would benefit from prophylactic fixation if they have a high enough risk of pathological fracture.
Pain negatively affects the health and welfare of animals. [1] ". Pain" is defined by the International Association for the Study of Pain as "an unpleasant sensory and emotional experience associated with actual or potential tissue damage, or described in terms of such damage." [2] Only the animal experiencing the pain can know the pain's ...
WOMAC. The Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) is a widely used, proprietary set of standardized questionnaires used by health professionals to evaluate the condition of patients with osteoarthritis of the knee and hip, including pain, stiffness, and physical functioning of the joints.
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