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The facial muscles are just under the skin (subcutaneous) muscles that control facial expression. They generally originate from the surface of the skull bone (rarely the fascia), and insert on the skin of the face. When they contract, the skin moves. These muscles also cause wrinkles at right angles to the muscles’ action line.
Muscles of head and neck. The Facial Action Coding System (FACS) is a system to taxonomize human facial movements by their appearance on the face, based on a system originally developed by a Swedish anatomist named Carl-Herman Hjortsjö. [1] It was later adopted by Paul Ekman and Wallace V. Friesen, and published in 1978. [2]
It is a measure of the range of intentional motion the patient's facial muscles have, and is based largely on the observations of the physician. Because of the subjective nature of the scale, there may be discrepancies between assessments by different doctors, but the overall reliability and ease of use has made this scale the most commonly ...
A facial expression is one or more motions or positions of the muscles beneath the skin of the face. These movements convey the emotional state of an individual to observers. Facial expressions are a form of nonverbal communication. They are a primary means of conveying social information between humans, but they also occur in most other ...
Depressor anguli oris muscle. Scheme showing arrangement of fibers of Orbicularis oris (triangularis labeled at bottom right). Muscles of the head, face, and neck (labeled as triangularis near chin). The depressor anguli oris muscle (triangularis muscle) is a facial muscle. It originates from the mandible and inserts into the angle of the mouth.
Hyperkinesia refers to an increase in muscular activity that can result in excessive abnormal movements, excessive normal movements, or a combination of both. [1] Hyperkinesia is a state of excessive restlessness which is featured in a large variety of disorders that affect the ability to control motor movement, such as Huntington's disease.
Zygomaticus major muscle (associated with smiling). Facial EMG has been studied to assess its utility as a tool for measuring emotional reaction. [3] Studies have found that activity of the corrugator muscle, which lowers the eyebrow and is involved in producing frowns, varies inversely with the emotional valence of presented stimuli and reports of mood state [citation needed].
The corrugator supercilii muscle is a small, [1] narrow, [citation needed] pyramidal muscle [1] of the face. [citation needed] It arises from the medial end of the superciliary arch; it inserts into the deep surface of the skin of the eyebrow. It draws the eyebrow downward and medially, producing the vertical "frowning" wrinkles of the forehead.
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