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Crude oil is considered "heavy" if it has long hydrocarbon chains, or "light" if it has short hydrocarbon chains: an API gravity of 34 or higher is "light", between 31 and 33 is "medium", and 30 or below is "heavy". Crude is considered "sweet" if it is low in sulphur content (< 0.5%/weight), or "sour" if high (> 1.0%/weight). Generally, the ...
Petroleum products are materials derived from crude oil as it is processed in oil refineries. Unlike petrochemicals, which are a collection of well-defined usually pure organic compounds, petroleum products are complex mixtures. [1] Most petroleum is converted into petroleum products, which include several classes of fuels. [2]
False flax oil made of the seeds of Camelina sativa. One of the earliest oil crops, dating back to the 6th millennium B.C. [87] Produced in modern times in Central and Eastern Europe; fell out of production in the 1940s. [88] Considered promising as a food or fuel oil. [89]
Some petroleum industry operations have been responsible for water pollution through by-products of refining and oil spills. Though hydraulic fracturing has significantly increased natural gas extraction, there is some belief and evidence to support that consumable water has seen increased in methane contamination due to this gas extraction. [39]
It is the leading source of U.S. imports of oil and products, averaging 2,500,000 bbl/d (400,000 m 3 /d) in August 2007. [129] Total world production/consumption (as of 2005) is approximately 84 million barrels per day (13,400,000 m 3 /d).
The name "mineral oil" is a misnomer, in that minerals are not the source of the oil—ancient plants and animals are. Mineral oil is organic. Mineral oil is organic. However, it is classified as "mineral oil" instead of as "organic oil" because its organic origin is remote (and was unknown at the time of its discovery), and because it is ...
In oil fields, almost all produced water contains oil and suspended solids. [8] Some produced water contains heavy metals and traces of naturally occurring radioactive material (NORM), which over time deposits radioactive scale in the piping at the well. [9] [10] Metals found in produced water include zinc, lead, manganese, iron, and barium. [11]
Sulfur at harbor in North Vancouver, British Columbia, ready to be loaded onto a ship Latex being collected from a tapped rubber tree. A raw material, also known as a feedstock, unprocessed material, or primary commodity, is a basic material that is used to produce goods, finished goods, energy, or intermediate materials that are feedstock for future finished products.