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Neural top–down control of physiology concerns the direct regulation by the brain of physiological functions (in addition to smooth muscle and glandular ones). Cellular functions include the immune system’s production of T-lymphocytes and antibodies, and nonimmune related homeostatic functions such as liver gluconeogenesis, sodium reabsorption, osmoregulation, and brown adipose tissue ...
Nootropics (/ n oʊ. ə ˈ t r oʊ p ɪ k s / noh-ə-TROHP-iks or / n oʊ. ə ˈ t r ɒ p ɪ k s / noh-ə-TROP-iks), [1] colloquially brain supplements, smart drugs and cognitive enhancers, are natural, semisynthetic or synthetic compounds which purportedly improve cognitive functions, such as executive functions, attention or memory.
The encoded protein controls the expression of several genes, including hepatocyte nuclear factor 1 alpha, a transcription factor that regulates the expression of several hepatic genes. This gene plays a role in development of the liver, kidney, and intestines. Alternative splicing of this gene results in multiple transcript variants. [7]
Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), or abrineurin, [5] is a protein [6] that, in humans, is encoded by the BDNF gene. [ 7 ] [ 8 ] BDNF is a member of the neurotrophin family of growth factors, which are related to the canonical nerve growth factor (NGF), a family which also includes NT-3 and NT-4 /NT-5.
The China Brain Project is a 15-year project, approved by the Chinese National People's Congress in March 2016 as part of the 13th Five-Year Plan (2016–2020); it is one of four pilot programs of the Innovation of Science and Technology Forward 2030 program, targeted at research into the neural basis of cognitive function.
The Human Brain Project (HBP) was a €1-billion EU scientific research project that ran for ten years from 2013 to 2023. [ 2 ] [ 3 ] [ 4 ] Using high-performance exascale supercomputers it built infrastructure that allowed researchers to advance knowledge in the fields of neuroscience , computing and brain-related medicine. [ 5 ]
In humans, NR1D1 (REV-ERBɑ) is highly expressed in the brain and metabolic tissues, including skeletal muscle, adipose tissue, and the liver. [ 8 ] [ 6 ] Genomic analysis suggests that the NR1D1 gene was present in the most recent common ancestor of all animals, with orthologs present in 378 species tested, including chimpanzees, dogs, mice ...
heart arrhythmia – decrease the output of sinus node thus stabilizing heart function; coronary artery disease – reduce heart rate and hence increasing oxygen supply; heart failure – prevent sudden death related to this condition, [7] which is often caused by ischemias or arrhythmias [21] hyperthyroidism – reduce peripheral sympathetic ...
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