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Incense smoke wafts from huge burners in Lhasa, Tibet. The first recorded use of incense was by the Indians in the Indus Valley Civilisation in 3600 BC. Egyptians during the Fifth Dynasty, 2345-2494 BC were the first in the non-Asian world to discover the use of incense, which was used by Hindus for centuries by the time of the 5th Dynasty. [1]
The incense offering is first described in the Book of Exodus: Take sweet spices, rosin, and onycha, [18] and ḥelbanah, sweet spices with pure frankincense, each spice pounded separately; [19] and you shall make it a blend of incense, even a confection after the art of the apothecary, seasoned with salt, pure and holy. [20]
The English word frankincense derives from the Old French expression franc encens, meaning 'true incense', maybe with the sense of 'high quality incense'. [4] [2] The adjective franc in Old French meant 'noble, true', in this case perhaps 'pure'; although franc is ultimately derived from the tribal name of the Franks, it is not a direct reference to them in the word francincense.
All three gifts are ordinary offerings and gifts given to a king. Myrrh being commonly used as an anointing oil, frankincense as a perfume, and gold as a valuable. The three gifts had a spiritual meaning: gold as a symbol of kingship on earth, frankincense (an incense) as a symbol of deity, and myrrh (an embalming oil) as a symbol of death.
The incense offering (Hebrew: קְטֹרֶת qəṭōreṯ) in Judaism was related to perfumed offerings on the altar of incense in the time of the Tabernacle and the First and Second Temple period, and was an important component of priestly liturgy in the Temple in Jerusalem.
Incense is composed of aromatic plant materials, often combined with essential oils. [4] The forms taken by incense differ with the underlying culture, and have changed with advances in technology and increasing number of uses. [5] Incense can generally be separated into two main types: "indirect-burning" and "direct-burning."
Onycha (/ ˈ ɒ n ɪ k ə /, Ancient Greek: ὄνυξ, romanized: ónux), along with equal parts of stacte, galbanum, and frankincense, was one of the components of the consecrated Ketoret (incense) which appears in the Torah book of Exodus (Ex.30:34-36) and was used in Solomon's Temple in Jerusalem.
A censer, incense burner, perfume burner or pastille burner is a vessel made for burning incense or perfume in some solid form. They vary greatly in size, form, and material of construction, and have been in use since ancient times throughout the world.
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