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Stereoblindness (also stereo blindness) is the inability to see in 3D using stereopsis, or stereo vision, resulting in an inability to perceive stereoscopic depth by combining and comparing images from the two eyes. Individuals with only one functioning eye have this condition by definition since the visual input of the second eye does not exist.
The perception of perspective is possible when looking with one eye only, but stereoscopic vision enhances the impression of the spatial. Regardless of whether the light rays entering the eye come from a three-dimensional space or from a two-dimensional image, they hit the inside of the eye on the retina as a surface.
Dysmetropsia in one eye, a case of aniseikonia, can present with symptoms such as headaches, asthenopia, reading difficulties, depth perception problems, or double vision. [3] The visual distortion can cause uncorrelated images to stimulate corresponding retinal regions simultaneously impairing fusion of the images.
When one eye turns inward, outward, upward, or downward, two different pictures are sent to the brain. Thus, the brain can no longer fuse the two images coming from the two eyes. This causes loss of depth perception and binocular vision. The term is from Greek exo meaning "outward" and trope meaning "a turning". [1]
Thus, each eye has a slightly different view of the world around. This can be easily seen when alternately closing one eye while looking at a vertical edge. The binocular disparity can be observed from apparent horizontal shift of the vertical edge between both views. At any given moment, the line of sight of the two eyes meet at a point in space.
While binocular disparities are naturally present when viewing a real three-dimensional scene with two eyes, they can also be simulated by artificially presenting two different images separately to each eye using a method called stereoscopy. The perception of depth in such cases is also referred to as "stereoscopic depth". [1]
Binocular neurons create depth perception through computation of relative and absolute disparity created by differences in the distance between the left and right eyes. Binocular neurons in the dorsal and ventral pathways combine to create depth perception, however, the two pathways perform differ in the type of stereo computation they perform. [7]
Alternative terms for cyclopean eye include third central imaginary eye and binoculus. The term cyclopean stimuli refer to a form of visual stimuli that is defined by binocular disparity alone. It was named after the one-eyed Cyclops of Homer’s Odyssey. The term cyclopean in the terms of binocular disparity was coined by Bela Julesz. [4]