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The higher heating value takes into account the latent heat of vaporization of water in the combustion products, and is useful in calculating heating values for fuels where condensation of the reaction products is practical (e.g., in a gas-fired boiler used for space heat). In other words, HHV assumes all the water component is in liquid state ...
The convective heat transfer between a uniformly heated wall and the working fluid is described by Newton's law of cooling: = where represents the heat flux, represents the proportionally constant called the heat transfer coefficient, represents the wall temperature and represents the fluid temperature.
The constant volume adiabatic flame temperature is the temperature that results from a complete combustion process that occurs without any work, heat transfer or changes in kinetic or potential energy. Its temperature is higher than in the constant pressure process because no energy is utilized to change the volume of the system (i.e., generate ...
In the first, constant-volume case (locked piston), there is no external motion, and thus no mechanical work is done on the atmosphere; C V is used. In the second case, additional work is done as the volume changes, so the amount of heat required to raise the gas temperature (the specific heat capacity) is higher for this constant-pressure case.
where P is the pressure of the gas, V is the volume of the gas, and k is a constant for a particular temperature and amount of gas. Boyle's law states that when the temperature of a given mass of confined gas is constant, the product of its pressure and volume is also constant. When comparing the same substance under two different sets of ...
In thermodynamics, the thermal efficiency is a dimensionless performance measure of a device that uses thermal energy, such as an internal combustion engine, steam turbine, steam engine, boiler, furnace, refrigerator, ACs etc.
The partial volume of a particular gas is a fraction of the total volume occupied by the gas mixture, with unchanged pressure and temperature. In gas mixtures, e.g. air, the partial volume allows focusing on one particular gas component, e.g. oxygen.
Boiler design is the process of designing boilers used for various purposes. The main function of a boiler is to heat water to generate steam. Steam produced in a boiler can be used for a variety of purposes including space heating, sterilisation, drying, humidification and power generation. The temperature or condition of steam required for ...