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Jane Stuart-Smith defined two varieties for descriptive purposes in a chapter of the 1999 book Urban Voices entitled "Glasgow: accent and voice quality": . Glasgow Standard English (GSE), the Glaswegian form of Scottish English, spoken by most middle-class speakers
Scottish Gaelic orthography has evolved over many centuries and is heavily etymologizing in its modern form. This means the orthography tends to preserve historical components rather than operating on the principles of a phonemic orthography where the graphemes correspond directly to phonemes .
Glasgow Gaelic is an emerging dialect, described as "Gaelic with a Glasgow accent", [2] of Standard Scottish Gaelic. [3] It is spoken by about 10% of Scottish Gaelic speakers, making it the most spoken Dialect outside of the Highlands.
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The accent of the Finn Valley and especially The Laggan district (centred on the town of Raphoe), both in East Donegal, together with the accent of neighbouring West Tyrone and the accent of the westernmost parts of County Londonderry (not including Derry City), are also quite Scottish sounding.
The transregional, standardised variety is called Scottish Standard English or Standard Scottish English (SSE). [1] [2] [3] Scottish Standard English may be defined as "the characteristic speech of the professional class [in Scotland] and the accepted norm in schools". [4] IETF language tag for "Scottish Standard English" is en-scotland. [5]
The English equivalents given are approximate, and refer most closely to the Scottish pronunciation of Standard English. The vowel [aː] in English father is back [ɑː] in Southern English. The a in English late in Scottish English is the pure vowel [eː] rather than the more general diphthong [eɪ].
The International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) can be used to represent sound correspondences among various accents and dialects of the English language.. These charts give a diaphoneme for each sound, followed by its realization in different dialects.