Search results
Results from the WOW.Com Content Network
Therefore, a drug given by the intravenous route will have an absolute bioavailability of 100% (f = 1), whereas drugs given by other routes usually have an absolute bioavailability of less than one. If we compare the two different dosage forms having same active ingredients and compare the two drug bioavailability is called comparative ...
Absorption by some other routes, such as intravenous therapy, intramuscular injection, enteral nutrition, is even more straightforward and there is less variability in absorption and bioavailability is often near 100%. Intravascular administration does not involve absorption, and there is no loss of drug. [4]
The oral route is limited to formulations containing small molecules only while biopharmaceuticals (usually proteins) would be digested in the stomach and thereby become ineffective. Biopharmaceuticals have to be given by injection or infusion. However, recent research found various ways to improve oral bioavailability of these drugs.
The bioavailability of toremifene has not been precisely determined but is known to be good and has been estimated to be approximately 100%. [1] [2] Levels of toremifene at steady state with a dosage of 60 mg/day are 800 to 879 ng/mL. [1]
The following table shows the amphotericin B susceptibility for a selection of medically important fungi. ... Bioavailability: 100% (IV) ... It has been found that ...
[1] [2] However, the absolute bioavailability of bicalutamide has been found to be high in animals at low doses (109% in mice at 10 mg/kg; 72% in rats at 1 mg/kg; 100% in dogs at 0.1 mg/kg), but diminishes with increasing doses such that the bioavailability of bicalutamide is low at high doses (10% in rats at 250 mg/kg; 31% in dogs at 100 mg/kg).
The bioavailability of ergotamine is around 2% orally, 6% rectally, and 100% by intramuscular or intravenous injection. [17] The low oral and rectal bioavailability is due to low gastrointestinal absorption and high first-pass metabolism. [17] Ergotamine may not readily cross the blood–brain barrier. [22] [23]
Fluparoxan has rat and human protein binding of 81-92% and 95% respectively. Fluparoxan shows high in vitro permeability in MCDK (Papp nm/s =2500) and Caco-2 (Papp nm/s =2000) cells which correlates well with the known high oral intestinal absorption (100%) in humans. [10] Fluparoxan is well absorbed following oral dosing in all animals.