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The light bulb sign is a radiological finding observed on plain radiographs in the context of posterior shoulder dislocation. [1] It refers to the abnormal, rounded appearance of the humeral head, which resembles a "light bulb," due to internal rotation of the arm following dislocation.
A shoulder dislocation often occurs as a result of a fall onto an outstretched arm or onto the shoulder. [3] Diagnosis is typically based on symptoms and confirmed by X-rays . [ 2 ] They are classified as anterior, posterior, inferior, and superior with most being anterior.
Axillary nerve palsy is a neurological condition in which the axillary (also called circumflex) nerve has been damaged by shoulder dislocation. It can cause weak deltoid and sensory loss below the shoulder. [1] Since this is a problem with just one nerve, it is a type of Peripheral neuropathy called mononeuropathy. [2]
Problems seen with a dislocated shoulder are tearing of the ligaments or tendons reinforcing the joint capsule and, less commonly, nerve damage. Doctors usually diagnose a dislocation by a physical examination, but X-rays are taken to confirm the diagnosis and to rule out a related fracture and other complications.
"The Glenolabral Articular Disruption Lesion Is a Biomechanical Risk Factor for Recurrent Shoulder Instability". Arthroscopy, Sports Medicine, and Rehabilitation. 3 (6). Elsevier BV: e1803 – e1810. doi: 10.1016/j.asmr.2021.08.007. ISSN 2666-061X. PMID 34977634.
SLAP is an acronym for "Superior Labrum Anterior and Posterior". [1] SLAP lesions are commonly seen in overhead throwing athletes but middle-aged labor workers can also be affected, and they can be caused by chronic overuse or an acute stretch injury of the shoulder.
X-ray at right shows same shoulder after reduction and internal rotation, revealing both a Bankart lesion and a Hill-Sachs lesion. Diagnosis can be suspected by history and physical examination which is usually followed by imaging. Because of the mechanism of injury, apprehension of anterior dislocation is common with provocative maneuvers.
These nerves originate in the fifth, sixth, seventh and eighth cervical (C5–C8), and first thoracic (T1) spinal nerves, and innervate the muscles and skin of the chest, shoulder, arm and hand. [1] [2] [3] Brachial plexus injuries can occur as a result of shoulder trauma (e.g. dislocation [4]), tumours, or inflammation, or obstetric.