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The TOWRE-2 mostly focused on students in elementary school (through grade 5) as this population was expected to have its widest use. [4] There are few minor differences between TOWRE and TOWRE - 2. The first edition of TOWRE had two subtests (A and B), however this second edition has four subtests (A,B,C and D).
These 9 subtests generate 16 main achievement scores and hundreds of optional error, contrast, accuracy, and time-interval scores. As such, use of the computerized scoring assistant (available for purchase from the test publisher) makes scoring the measure less time consuming.
As noted above in the subtest section DIBELS recommends using the initial sound Fluency (ISF), Phoneme Segmentation Fluency (PSF), and Nonsense Word Fluency (NWF) subtests with 1st grade students adding in the ORF subtest halfway through the year. Reidel (2007) found that the PSF score was a poor indicator of reading comprehension. [4]
This edition was the first to use the fifteen subtests with point scales in place of using the previous age scale format. In an attempt to broaden cognitive ability, the subtests were grouped and resulted in four area scores, which improved flexibility for administration and interpretation (Youngstrom, Glutting, & Watkins, 2003).
The NEPSY-II test battery also added a new domain, Social Perception, and eleven new subtests in addition to removing four of the old subtests. The test battery thus consists of six domains comprising 32 subtests. The NEPSY-II also exists in two versions: one for ages 3 through 4 and one for ages 5 through 16.
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The Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test, the 2007 edition of which is known as the PPVT-IV, is an untimed test of receptive vocabulary for Standard American English and is intended to provide a quick estimate of the examinee's receptive vocabulary ability.
There are 5 receptive subtests (3 auditory comprehension, 2 visual comprehension) and 16 expressive subtest (5 repetition, 3 naming, 4 reading, 4 writing) Neuropsychological deficits that could be associated with aphasia are tested in 6 subtests (line bisection, semantic memory, word fluency, recognition memory, gesture object use, arithmetic).