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Treatment. Whilst solid manure heaps outdoors can give rise to polluting wastewaters from runoff, this type of waste is usually relatively easy to treat by containment and/or covering of the heap. Animal slurries require special handling and are usually treated by containment in lagoons before disposal by spray or trickle application to grassland.
The treatment of solid wastes is a key component of waste management. Different forms of solid waste treatment are graded in the waste hierarchy . Waste water treatment
Mechanical biological treatment (sorting into selected fractions) Refuse-derived fuel; Mechanical heat treatment; Molten salt oxidation; Pyrolysis; UASB (applied to solid wastes) Waste autoclave; Specific to organic waste: Bioconversion of biomass to mixed alcohol fuels; In-vessel composting; Landfarming; Sewage treatment; Tunnel composting
Landfills waste are categorized by either being hazardous, non-hazardous or inert waste. In order for a landfill design to be considered it must abide by the following requirements: final landforms profile, site capacity, settlement, waste density, materials requirements and drainage.
Sedimentation (water treatment) Septic tank; Septic tank conversion [2] Sequencing batch reactor; Sewage treatment; Skimmer (machine) Slow sand filter; Stabilization pond; Supercritical water oxidation (SCWO) Thermal hydrolysis; Treatment pond; Trickle-bed reactor; Trickling filter; Ultrafiltration; Ultraviolet disinfection; Upflow anaerobic ...
According to the waste hierarchy, burning agricultural waste for the sake of energy generation is a less environmentally friendly treatment method than recycling or reusing it. Moreover, incineration for energy generation can be done once, while consumer goods (such as paper made from agricultural waste) can be recycled another seven times. [26]
This method is useful for the disposal of both municipal solid waste and solid residue from wastewater treatment. This process reduces the volume of solid waste by 80 to 95 percent. [ 42 ] Incineration and other high-temperature waste treatment systems are sometimes described as " thermal treatment ".
Landfarming is an ex situ waste treatment process that is performed in the upper soil zone or in biotreatment cells. Contaminated soils , sediments , or sludges are transported to the landfarming site, mixed into the soil surface and periodically turned over ( tilled ) to aerate the mixture. [ 1 ]