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Flavin mononucleotide (FMN), or riboflavin-5′-phosphate, is a biomolecule produced from riboflavin (vitamin B 2) by the enzyme riboflavin kinase and functions as the prosthetic group of various oxidoreductases, including NADH dehydrogenase, as well as a cofactor in biological blue-light photo receptors. [1]
Riboflavin, also known as vitamin B 2, is a water-soluble vitamin and is one of the B vitamins. [3] [4] [5] Unlike folate and vitamin B 6, which occur in several chemically related forms known as vitamers, riboflavin is only one chemical compound.
In enzymology, a riboflavin phosphotransferase (EC 2.7.1.42) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction. alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate + riboflavin D-glucose + FMN. Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate and riboflavin, whereas its two products are D-glucose and FMN.
Adenine is bound to a cyclic ribose at the 1' carbon, while phosphate is bound to the ribose at the 5' carbon to form the adenine nucledotide. Riboflavin is formed by a carbon-nitrogen (C-N) bond between the isoalloxazine and the ribitol. The phosphate group is then bound to the terminal ribose carbon, forming a FMN.
The enzyme FAD-AMP lyase (cyclizing) (EC 4.6.1.15) catalyzes the reaction . FAD AMP + riboflavin cyclic-4′,5′--phosphate. This enzyme belongs to the family of lyases, specifically the class of phosphorus-oxygen lyases.
Ribose 5-phosphate (R5P) is both a product and an intermediate of the pentose phosphate pathway. The last step of the oxidative reactions in the pentose phosphate pathway is the production of ribulose 5-phosphate. Depending on the body's state, ribulose 5-phosphate can reversibly isomerize to ribose 5-phosphate.
The riboflavin synthase monomer has a molecular weight of about 23 kDa. Each monomer contains two beta barrels and one α-helix at the C-terminus (residues 186-206). The monomer folds into pseudo two-fold symmetry, predicted by sequence similarity between the N-terminus barrel (residues 4-86) and the C-terminus barrel (residues 101-184). [1]
2,5-diamino-6-(ribosylamino)-4(3H)-pyrimidinone 5'-phosphate reductase (EC 1.1.1.302, 2,5-diamino-6-ribosylamino-4(3H)-pyrimidinone 5'-phosphate reductase, MjaRED, MJ0671 (gene)) is an enzyme with systematic name 2,5-diamino-6-(5-phospho-D-ribosylamino)pyrimidin-4(3H)-one:NAD(P) + oxidoreductase. [1] [2] This enzyme catalyses the following ...