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Spanish personal pronouns have distinct forms according to whether they stand for the subject or object, and third-person pronouns make an additional distinction for direct object or indirect object , and for reflexivity as well. Several pronouns also have special forms used after prepositions.
Area of leísmo and loísmo/laísmo in central Spain. Leísmo ("using le") is a dialectal variation in the Spanish language that occurs largely in Spain.It involves using the indirect object pronouns le and les in place of the (generally standard) direct object pronouns lo, la, los, and las, especially when the direct object refers to a male person or people.
La forma/manera en que/en la que/como reaccionasteis = "The way that/in which/how you reacted" (en que is the most common and natural, like "that" or the null pronoun in English; but como is possible, as "how" is in English) Note that mismo tends to require que: Lo dijo del mismo modo que lo dije yo = "She said it the same way [that] I did"
Este es el libro que escribió mi amigo, but rarely Este es el libro que mi amigo escribió = "This is the book that my friend wrote" A sentence in which the direct object is the topic or "theme" (old information), while the subject is part of the comment, or "rheme" (new information), often assumes OVS order. In this case the direct object ...
Spanish is one well-known example of a clitic-doubling language, having clitic doubling for both direct and indirect objects. Because standard Spanish grammatical structure does not draw a clear distinction between an indirect object and a direct object referring to a person or another animate entity (see Spanish prepositions), it is common but not compulsory to use clitic doubling to clarify.
These include the grammatical custom (inherited from Latin) of using a grammatically masculine plural for a group containing at least one male; the use of the masculine definite article for infinitives (e.g. el amar, not la amar); and the permissibility of using Spanish male pronouns for female referents but not vice versa (e.g. el que includes ...
With indirect objects that come before the verb, clitic doubling is mandatory in the active voice: [5] Al hombre le dimos un regalo but never Al hombre dimos un regalo = "We gave the man a gift" Al perro le dijo que se siente but never Al perro dijo que se siente = "He/She/You told the dog to sit"
Se metió en la cama sin despertarla = "He got in bed without waking her." When the object of the preposition sin is a clause introduced by que (alternatively interpreted as a compound conjunction, sin que), the verb in the clause must be in the subjunctive mood: Se metió en la cama sin que se despertara = "He got in bed without her waking up."