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X-ray of the knee of a 12-year-old male, showing knee effusion of medium severity, marked by black arrows. It displaces the patella anteriorly and extends into the suprapatellar bursa. An X-ray is useful to verify that there is no break or dislocation when there is a history of trauma. May show signs of osteoarthritis.
In the early stages of the disease, there are no obvious X-ray findings. The presence of radiolucent area in the epiphyseal region and flattening of the femoral condyle can be found in late stages of the disease. MRI has been proven to be both sensitive and specific for the disease.
Gross negligence may thus be described as reflecting "the want of even slight or scant care", falling below the level of care that even a careless person would be expected to follow. [3] While some jurisdictions equate the culpability of gross negligence with that of recklessness, most differentiate it from simple negligence in its degree. [3]
The chain of causation is considered broken and the new injuries will be regarded as caused by the claimant's own conduct and not by the defendant's fault or the disability caused by that first negligence. So in the particular case, the claimant knew that his left leg might give way suddenly.
The major tissues affected are nerves and muscles, where irreversible damage starts to occur after 4–6 hours of cessation of blood supply. [4] Skeletal muscle, the major tissue affected, is still relatively resistant to infarction compared to the heart and brain because its ability to rely on anaerobic metabolism by glycogen stored in the cells may supply the muscle tissue long enough for ...
A knee dislocation is an injury in which there is disruption of the knee joint between the tibia and the femur. [3] [4] Symptoms include pain and instability of the knee. [2] Complications may include injury to an artery, most commonly the popliteal artery behind the knee, or compartment syndrome. [3] [4] [7]
Damage to the saphenous nerve and its infrapatellar branch is possible during medial knee surgery, potentially causing numbness or pain over the medial knee and leg. [7] As with all surgeries, there is a risk of bleeding, wound problems, deep vein thrombosis , and infection that can complicate the outcome and rehabilitation process.
Chondromalacia patellae (also known as CMP) is an inflammation of the underside of the patella and softening of the cartilage.. The cartilage under the kneecap is a natural shock absorber, and overuse, injury, and many other factors can cause increased deterioration and breakdown of the cartilage.