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The Seljuk dynasty, or Seljukids [1] [2] (/ ˈ s ɛ l dʒ ʊ k / SEL-juuk; Persian: سلجوقیان Saljuqian, [3] alternatively spelled as Seljuqs or Saljuqs), Seljuqs, also known as Seljuk Turks, [4] Seljuk Turkomans [5] or the Saljuqids, [6] was an Oghuz Turkic, Sunni Muslim dynasty that gradually became Persianate and contributed to Turco-Persian culture [7] [8] in West Asia and Central Asia.
In 1048–1049, the Seljuk Turks, commanded by Ibrahim Yinal, uterine brother of Tughril, made their first incursion into the Byzantine frontier region of Iberia and clashed with a combined Byzantine-Georgian army of 50,000 at the Battle of Kapetrou on 10 September 1048. The devastation left behind by the Seljuk raid was so fearful that the ...
August 26 – Battle of Manzikert: The Byzantine army (35,000 men) under Emperor Romanos IV meets the Seljuk Turk forces of Sultan Alp Arslan near the town of Manzikert. Although the armies are initially evenly matched, as the Byzantines advance, the Seljuk Turks withdraw before them, launching hit-and-run attacks on the Byzantine flanks.
The Seljuk, led by Chaghri, returned and fell upon the disorganized Ghaznavids and defeated them. [8] As a result, Ma'sud entitled the Seljuk to three cities in Khurasan: Dihistan, Nasa, and Farawa. [9] After conducting raids as far as Balkh, all of Khurasan fell to the Seljuk Turks. [10]
In Georgian historiography, the Great Turkish Invasion, also translated as the Great Turkish Troubles (Georgian: დიდი თურქობა, romanized: didi turkoba), refers to the continuous attacks and settlement of the Seljuq-led Turkic tribes in the Georgian lands during the reign of George II in the 1080s.
The Seljuk Turks created the Great Seljuk Empire in the 11th century, conquering all of Iran and other extensive territories from the Hindu Kush to eastern Anatolia and from Central Asia to the Persian Gulf. In 1050 Isfahan was established as capital of the Great Seljuk Empire under Alp Arslan. [1]
Many Turks, travelling westward during the 11th century, saw the victory at Manzikert as an entrance to Asia Minor. [ 12 ] The brunt of the battle was borne by the Byzantine army's professional soldiers from the eastern and western tagmata , as large numbers of mercenaries and Anatolian levies fled early and survived the battle. [ 13 ]
Seljuk (died c. 1007 or 1009), variously romanized, was an Oghuz Turk warlord. He was the eponymous founder of the Seljuk dynasty and the namesake of Selçuk , the modern town near the ruins of ancient Ephesus in Turkey .