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After the first permanent tooth erupted at the age of six to seven, aeration of maxillary sinus is the main growth feature. [5] [6] At the final phase of aeration, the floor of maxillary sinus is four to five milimetres below the floor of nasal cavity. However, timing of maxillary sinus growth is variable in different people. [5]
Expansion of the cyst causes erosion of the floor of the maxillary sinus. As soon as it enters the maxillary antrum, the expansion rate increases due to available space for expansion. Performing a percussion test by tapping the affected teeth will cause shooting pain. This is often clinically diagnostic of pulpal infection. [citation needed]
A cyst may become acutely infected, and discharge into the oral cavity via a sinus. Adjacent teeth may be loosened, tilted or even moved bodily. [6] Rarely, roots of teeth are resorbed, depending upon the type of cyst. The inferior alveolar nerve runs through the mandible and supplies sensation to the lower lip and chin.
There are two primary types of nasal polyps: ethmoidal and antrochoanal. Ethmoidal polyps arise from the ethmoid sinuses and extend through the middle meatus into the nasal cavity. Antrochoanal polyps usually arise in the maxillary sinus and extend into the nasopharynx and represent only 4–6% of all nasal polyps. [7]
Classic symptoms of sinus disease such as headache, facial pain, purulent nasal discharge or nasolacrimal obstruction [12] may occur when maxillary sinus is involved. According to a study, 45.7 percent of dentigerous cysts involved mandibular third molar. [8] On the other hand, only 2.7 percent of dentigerous cysts involved the maxillary premolar.
The growth reaches an unmanageable size, Aesthetic reasons. [14] If the growth needs to be removed then a simple surgical procedure can be carried out under local anaesthetic with no recurrence in the long-term follow up. [15] This is done by reflecting the mucoperiosteal flap in order to expose the extended bone for complete excision.
Recent studies have classified two types of maxillary sinus septa: primary and secondary. Primary septa are those initially described by Underwood and that form as a result of the floor of the sinus sinking along with the roots of erupting teeth; these primary septa are thus generally found in the sinus corresponding to the space between teeth, as explained by Underwood.
Xray showing a sinus lift in the left upper jaw Sinus lift surgery, 3D Illustration. Maxillary sinus floor augmentation [1] (also termed as sinus lift, sinus graft, sinus augmentation, or sinus procedure) is a surgical procedure that aims to increase the amount of bone in the posterior maxilla (upper jaw bone), in the area of the premolar and molar teeth, by lifting the lower Schneiderian ...