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A subdural hygroma (SDG) is a collection of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), without blood, located under the dural membrane of the brain. Most subdural hygromas are believed to be derived from chronic subdural hematomas. They are commonly seen in elderly people after minor trauma but can also be seen in children following infection or trauma.
Lymphocytic pleocytosis is an abnormal increase in the amount of lymphocytes in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). It is usually considered to be a sign of infection or inflammation within the nervous system , and is encountered in a number of neurological diseases , such as pseudomigraine, Susac's syndrome, and encephalitis.
Some of the possible symptoms of chronic meningitis (due to any cause) include headache, nausea and vomiting, fever, and visual impairment. Nuchal rigidity (or neck stiffness with discomfort in trying to move the neck), a classic symptom in acute meningitis, was seen in only 45% of cases of chronic meningitis with the sign being even more rare in non-infectious causes.
In adults, Neisseria meningitidis and Streptococcus pneumoniae together cause 80% of bacterial meningitis cases. Risk of infection with Listeria monocytogenes is increased in people over 50 years old. [3] [8] The introduction of pneumococcal vaccine has lowered rates of pneumococcal meningitis in both children and adults. [28]
An analysis of 17 studies published over the past 30 years regarding children with CSF shunt infections revealed that treating with both shunt removal and antibiotics successfully treated 88% of 244 infections, while antibiotic therapy alone successfully treated the CSF shunt infection in only 33% of 230 infections. [28] [32]
Diagnosis is most commonly made by lumbar puncture to detect malignant cells in the CSF, although the tests may be negative in roughly 10% of patients. [5] Diagnosis often requires a high index of suspicion and is confirmed by neuroimaging and cerebrospinal fluid analysis. [21] CSF examination is the most useful diagnostic tool for NM.
Cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhoea; Specialty: Neurology, neurosurgery, otorhinolaryngology,Oral and maxillofacial surgery: Symptoms: clear, colourless liquid draining from nose: Complications: infection: Causes: basilar skull fracture: Diagnostic method: brain scans, testing nasal discharge to see if it is CSF: Differential diagnosis: other types ...
Women are more likely to exhibit symptoms [16] [17] They can also appear in clusters or bilaterally along the spine, thus symptoms can be unilateral, bilateral, or with symptoms more dominant on one side. The cases of reported symptomatic Tarlov cysts ranges from 15% to 30% of the overall reported Tarlov cyst case, depending on the source of ...