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Viruses can cause massive human mortality. The smallpox virus killed an estimated 10 to 15 million people per year until 1967. [3] Smallpox was finally eliminated in 1977 by extinction of the virus through vaccination, and the impact of viruses such as influenza, poliomyelitis and measles are mainly controlled by vaccination. [4]
Opinions differ on whether viruses are a form of life or organic structures that interact with living organisms. [11] They are considered by some to be a life form, because they carry genetic material, reproduce by creating multiple copies of themselves through self-assembly, and evolve through natural selection .
Aichivirus A formerly Aichi virus (AiV) [1] belongs to the genus Kobuvirus in the family Picornaviridae. [2] Six species are part of the genus Kobuvirus, Aichivirus A-F. [3] Within Aichivirus A, there are six different types including human Aichi virus, canine kobuvirus, murine kobuvirus, Kathmandu sewage kobuvirus, roller kobuvirus, and feline kobuvirus. [3]
Samples from wastewater plants across the nation show an increase in multiple flu viruses. Some experts worry that H5N1 bird flu might be to blame. Flu season is over, but there is a viral surge ...
Waterborne diseases are conditions (meaning adverse effects on human health, such as death, disability, illness or disorders) [1]: 47 caused by pathogenic micro-organisms that are transmitted by water. These diseases can be spread while bathing, washing, drinking water, or by eating food exposed to contaminated water. [2]
Wastewater-based epidemiology has been used to estimate illicit drug use in communities or populations, but can be used to measure the consumption of alcohol, caffeine, various pharmaceuticals and other compounds. [2] Wastewater-based epidemiology has also been adapted to measure the load of pathogens such as SARS-CoV-2 in a community. [3]
But wastewater surveillance — the testing of sewage for signs of pathogens such as SARS-CoV-2, poliovirus and mpox virus — has yet to be employed in the tracking of H5N1 bird flu virus.
Virus crystallisation is the re-arrangement of viral components into solid crystal particles. [1] The crystals are composed of thousands of inactive forms of a particular virus arranged in the shape of a prism. [2] The inactive nature of virus crystals provide advantages for immunologists to effectively analyze the structure and function behind ...