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  2. Stirling's approximation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stirling's_approximation

    The formula was first discovered by Abraham de Moivre [2] in the form ! [] +. De Moivre gave an approximate rational-number expression for the natural logarithm of the constant. Stirling's contribution consisted of showing that the constant is precisely 2 π {\displaystyle {\sqrt {2\pi }}} .

  3. Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gottfried_Wilhelm_Leibniz

    Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz (or Leibnitz; [a] 1 July 1646 [O.S. 21 June] – 14 November 1716) was a German polymath active as a mathematician, philosopher, scientist and diplomat who is credited, alongside Sir Isaac Newton, with the creation of calculus in addition to many other branches of mathematics, such as binary arithmetic and statistics.

  4. Division (mathematics) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Division_(mathematics)

    In abstract algebra, given a magma with binary operation ∗ (which could nominally be termed multiplication), left division of b by a (written a \ b) is typically defined as the solution x to the equation a ∗ x = b, if this exists and is unique. Similarly, right division of b by a (written b / a) is the solution y to the equation y ∗ a = b ...

  5. Numerical analysis - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Numerical_analysis

    The approximation of the square root of 2 is four sexagesimal figures, which is about six decimal figures. 1 + 24/60 + 51/60 2 + 10/60 3 = 1.41421296... [ 1 ] Numerical analysis is the study of algorithms that use numerical approximation (as opposed to symbolic manipulations ) for the problems of mathematical analysis (as distinguished from ...

  6. Carl Friedrich Gauss - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carl_Friedrich_Gauss

    This is an accepted version of this page This is the latest accepted revision, reviewed on 8 January 2025. German mathematician, astronomer, geodesist, and physicist (1777–1855) "Gauss" redirects here. For other uses, see Gauss (disambiguation). Carl Friedrich Gauss Portrait by Christian Albrecht Jensen, 1840 (copy from Gottlieb Biermann, 1887) Born Johann Carl Friedrich Gauss (1777-04-30 ...

  7. Binary number - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Binary_number

    The base-2 numeral system is a positional notation with a radix of 2.Each digit is referred to as a bit, or binary digit.Because of its straightforward implementation in digital electronic circuitry using logic gates, the binary system is used by almost all modern computers and computer-based devices, as a preferred system of use, over various other human techniques of communication, because ...

  8. Simple continued fraction - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simple_continued_fraction

    For example, the decimal representation 3.1416 could be rounded from any number in the interval [3.14155, 3.14165). The continued fraction representations of 3.14155 and 3.14165 are The continued fraction representations of 3.14155 and 3.14165 are