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Clopidogrel, sold under the brand name Plavix among others, is an antiplatelet medication used to reduce the risk of heart disease and stroke in those at high risk. [10] It is also used together with aspirin in heart attacks and following the placement of a coronary artery stent (dual antiplatelet therapy). [10]
Often a combination of aspirin plus an ADP/P2Y inhibitor [7] (such as clopidogrel, prasugrel, ticagrelor, or another) is used to obtain greater effectiveness than with either agent alone. This is known as "dual antiplatelet therapy" (or DAPT ).
Platelet storage pool deficiency is a family of clotting disorders characterized by deficient granules in platelets.Individuals with these disorders have too few or abnormally functioning alpha granules, delta granules, or both alpha and delta granules and are therefore unable to form effective clots, which leads to prolonged bleeding.
An antithrombotic agent is a drug that reduces the formation of blood clots (). [1] [2] Antithrombotics can be used therapeutically for prevention (primary prevention, secondary prevention) or treatment of a dangerous blood clot (acute thrombus).
For many years dual treatment with the cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1) inhibitor aspirin and clopidogrel was routine practice and served as the main antiplatelet agents for the prevention of thrombotic events as they have the capability to powerfully manipulate platelet biology, which plays a central part in thrombosis.
aspirin: antiplatelet risks for GI tract bleeding and hemorrhagic stroke [40] [41] [32] [42] [43] dipyridamole: platelet aggregation inhibitor oral or intravenous Abdominal or stomach cramps, diarrhea, dizziness or lightheadedness [44] [45] [46] [41] clopidogrel: antiplatelet [45] [41] ticlid: enoxaparin: anticoagulant
Anti-platelet agents include aspirin, dipyridamole, ticlopidine, clopidogrel, ticagrelor and prasugrel; the parenteral glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitors are used during angioplasty. Of the anticoagulants, warfarin (and related coumarins) and heparin are the most commonly used. Warfarin affects the vitamin K-dependent clotting factors (II, VII ...
Additionally, aspirin induces the formation of NO-radicals in the body, which have been shown in mice to have an independent mechanism of reducing inflammation. This reduces leukocyte adhesion, which is an important step in immune response to infection. There is currently insufficient evidence to show that aspirin helps to fight infection. [18]