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2. Gamma correction - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gamma_correction

   luma is the encoded video brightness signal, i.e., similar to the signal voltage V S. One contrasts relative luminance in the sense of color (no gamma compression) with luma in the sense of video (with gamma compression), and denote relative luminance by Y and luma by Y′, the prime symbol (′) denoting gamma compression. [42]

3. Chroma subsampling - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chroma_subsampling

   In full size, this image shows the difference between four subsampling schemes. Note how similar the color images appear. The lower row shows the resolution of the color information. Digital signals are often compressed to reduce file size and save transmission time.

4. pngcrush - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pngcrush

   The main use of pngcrush is for reducing the size of the image data contained in the IDAT section. The pixel data in a PNG file is compressed using LZ77 algorithm (which tries to find repeated byte sequences in the source data), and then further compressed with Huffman algorithm. This combination is referred to as deflate compression. Before ...

5. Alpha compositing - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpha_compositing

   The most popular image formats that support the alpha channel are PNG and TIFF. GIF supports alpha channels, but is considered to be inefficient when it comes to file size. Support for alpha channels is present in some video codecs, such as Animation and Apple ProRes 4444 of the QuickTime format, or in the Techsmith multi-format codec.

6. Image compression - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image_compression

   Image compression is a type of data compression applied to digital images, to reduce their cost for storage or transmission. Algorithms may take advantage of visual perception and the statistical properties of image data to provide superior results compared with generic data compression methods which are used for other digital data.

7. Chromatic aberration - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chromatic_aberration

   Since the focal length of the lens varies with the color of the light different colors of light are brought to focus at different distances from the lens or with different levels of magnification. Chromatic aberration manifests itself as "fringes" of color along boundaries that separate dark and bright parts of the image.