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Breast cancer and non-small cell lung cancer. As above. 1.09 Alkylating agents: ... Hepatocyte Growth Factor Receptor (HGFR, c-Met), and Recepteur d'Origine Nantais ...
CIPN afflicts between 30% and 40% of patients undergoing chemotherapy. Antineoplastic agents in chemotherapy are designed to eliminate rapidly dividing cancer cells, but they can also damage healthy structures, including the peripheral nervous system. [1] CIPN involves various symptoms such as tingling, pain, and numbness in the hands and feet. [2]
Antineoplastic resistance, often used interchangeably with chemotherapy resistance, is the resistance of neoplastic (cancerous) cells, or the ability of cancer cells to survive and grow despite anti-cancer therapies. [1] In some cases, cancers can evolve resistance to multiple drugs, called multiple drug resistance.
Studies have reported elevated risk of breast cancer, nonmelanoma skin cancer, and cancer of the rectum among nurses who are exposed to these drugs. Other investigations revealed that there is a potential genotoxic effect from anti-neoplastic drugs to workers in health care settings.
An alkylating antineoplastic agent is an alkylating agent used in cancer treatment that attaches an alkyl group (C n H 2n+1) to DNA. [ 1 ] Since cancer cells, in general, proliferate faster and with less error-correcting than healthy cells, cancer cells are more sensitive to DNA damage—such as being alkylated.
This mechanism leads to specific patterns of damage in DNA, which can kill cancer cells but can also increase the risk of secondary tumors developing. [6] Platinum-based antineoplastic agents are sometimes described as "alkylating-like" due to similar effects as alkylating antineoplastic agents, although they do not have an alkyl group. [7]
This list focuses on the hazard linked to the agents. This means that while carcinogens are capable of causing cancer, it does not take their risk into account, which is the probability of causing a cancer, given the level of exposure to this carcinogen. [2] The list is up to date as of January 2024. [3]
Other factors are implicated in lung cancer, and these factors can interact synergistically with smoking so that total attributable risk adds up to more than 100%. These factors include occupational exposure to carcinogens (about 9-15%), radon (10%) and outdoor air pollution (1-2%).