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This present value factor, or discount factor, is used to determine the amount of money that must be invested now in order to have a given amount of money in the future. For example, if you need 1 in one year, then the amount of money you should invest now is: 1 × v {\displaystyle \,1\times v} .
In economics, Present value interest factor, also known by the acronym PVIF, is used in finance theory to refer to the output of a calculation, used to determine the monthly payment needed to repay a loan. The calculation involves a number of variables, which are set out in the following description of the calculation:
A capital recovery factor is the ratio of a constant annuity to the present value of receiving that annuity for a given length of time. Using an interest rate i, the capital recovery factor is: = (+) (+) where is the number of annuities received. [1]
The actuarial present value (APV) is the expected value of the present value of a contingent cash flow stream (i.e. a series of payments which may or may not be made). Actuarial present values are typically calculated for the benefit-payment or series of payments associated with life insurance and life annuities. The probability of a future ...
A = Capital recovery (amortization) factor F = Sinking fund amortization factor I = Investment S = Estimated salvage value = Operating expense stream d = CCA rate per year for tax purposes t = rate of taxation n = number of years i = cost of capital, rate of interest, or minimum rate of return (whichever is most relevant) and where
The present value formula is the core formula for the time value of money; each of the other formulas is derived from this formula. For example, the annuity formula is the sum of a series of present value calculations. The present value (PV) formula has four variables, each of which can be solved for by numerical methods:
With Present Value under uncertainty, future dividends are replaced by their conditional expectation. Traditional Present Value Approach – in this approach a single set of estimated cash flows and a single interest rate (commensurate with the risk, typically a weighted average of cost components) will be used to estimate the fair value.
A positive net present value indicates that the projected earnings generated by a project or investment (in present dollars) exceeds the anticipated costs (also in present dollars). This concept is the basis for the Net Present Value Rule, which dictates that the only investments that should be made are those with positive NPVs.