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While targeting "English language students and researchers" (p. 45), an abridged version of the grammar was released in 2002, Longman Student Grammar of Spoken and Written English, together with a workbook entitled Longman Student Grammar of Spoken and Written English Workbook, to be used by students on university and teacher-training courses.
The General Service List (GSL) is a list of roughly 2,000 words published by Michael West in 1953. [1] The words were selected to represent the most frequent words of English and were taken from a corpus of written English. The target audience was English language learners and ESL teachers. To maximize the utility of the list, some frequent ...
A key feature of the LDOCE is its utilization of the Longman Defining Vocabulary, a 2000-word controlled defining vocabulary used to write all of the definitions in the dictionary. [2] This defining vocabulary was developed from Michael West's General Service List of high-frequency words and their most common meanings. [3]
The words in the NGSL represent the most important high frequency words of the English language for second language learners of English and is a major update of Michael West's 1953 GSL. [ 2 ] Although there are more than 600,000 words in the English language, [ 3 ] the 2,800 words in the NGSL give more than 92% coverage for learners when trying ...
The British National Corpus (BNC) is a 100-million-word text corpus of samples of written and spoken English from a wide range of sources. [1] The corpus covers British English of the late 20th century from a wide variety of genres, with the intention that it be a representative sample of spoken and written British English of that time.
A part of speech is provided for most of the words, but part-of-speech categories vary between analyses, and not all possibilities are listed. For example, "I" may be a pronoun or a Roman numeral; "to" may be a preposition or an infinitive marker; "time" may be a noun or a verb. Also, a single spelling can represent more than one root word. For ...
Palilalia is defined as the repetition of the speaker's words or phrases, often for a varying number of repeats. Repeated units are generally whole sections of words and are larger than a syllable, with words being repeated the most often, followed by phrases, and then syllables or sounds.
Thomas Burns McArthur (23 August 1938 – 30 March 2020) was a Scottish linguist, [2] lexicographer, and the founding editor of English Today. [3] [4] Among the many books he wrote and edited, he is best known for the Longman Lexicon of Contemporary English (the first thematic monolingual learner's dictionary, which complemented the Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English by bringing ...