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Lulu (or Lula) Belle Madison White (August 31, 1907 [citation needed] – July 6, 1957) was a teacher and civil rights activist in Texas during the 1940s and 1950s. [1] In 1939, White was named as the president of the Houston chapter of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) before becoming executive secretary of the branch in 1943. [2]
The city of Houston in the U.S. state of Texas was founded in 1837 after Augustus and John Allen had acquired land to establish a new town at the junction of Buffalo and White Oak bayous in 1836. Houston served as the temporary capital of the Republic of Texas .
b ^ While all Native Americans in the United States were only counted as part of the (total) U.S. population since 1890, the U.S. Census Bureau previously either enumerated or made estimates of the non-taxed Native American population (which was not counted as a part of the U.S. population before 1890) for the 1860–1880 time period.
Complete guide to Houston, Texas, Houston: Dealy & Baker, 1895, OL 23290102M; Young, Samuel Oliver Dr. (1912), A thumb-nail history of the city of Houston, Texas, from its founding in 1836 to the year 1912, Houston, Tex: Press of Rein & sons company, OL 23348484M
Harrisburg, Houston; Henry Brashear Building; Hispanics and Latinos in Houston; Roy Hofheinz; Oscar F. Holcombe; Houston Asian American Archive; Houston City Hall; Houston Endowment Inc. Houston Plank Road Company; Houston Post; Houston Volunteers; Houston's First Sit-in March 4, 1960; Howard Hughes; William J. Hutchins
African Americans in Houston were poorly represented by the predominantly white state legislature and city council, and were politically disenfranchised during the Jim Crow era; whites had used a variety of tactics, including militias and legislation, to re-establish political and social supremacy throughout the South. [5]
The White Scourge: Mexicans, Blacks, and Poor Whites in Texas Cotton Culture (University of California Press, 1997). Glasrud, Bruce A. and Merline Pitre. Black Women in Texas History (2008) Glasrud, Bruce A. et al eds. African Americans in Central Texas History From Slavery to Civil Rights (2019); scholarly essays online
The voting population of the wards was lower than the population, since women and African-Americans had been forbidden from voting. Instead, wards followed boundaries of features such as the Buffalo Bayou, Congress Street, and Main Street. Each ward elected two aldermen to the Houston City Council. The election of the Mayor of Houston was ...