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A proto-oncogene is a normal gene that could become an oncogene due to mutations or increased expression. Proto-oncogenes code for proteins that help to regulate the cell growth and differentiation. Proto-oncogenes are often involved in signal transduction and execution of mitogenic signals, usually through their protein products.
A tumor suppressor gene (TSG), or anti-oncogene, is a gene that regulates a cell during cell division and replication. [1] If the cell grows uncontrollably, it will result in cancer . When a tumor suppressor gene is mutated, it results in a loss or reduction in its function.
Normally, oncogenes are silent, for example, because of DNA methylation. Loss of that methylation can induce the aberrant expression of oncogenes, leading to cancer pathogenesis. Known mechanisms of epigenetic change include DNA methylation, and methylation or acetylation of histone proteins bound to chromosomal DNA at specific locations.
Oncogene addiction is a process in which cancers with genetic, epigenetic, or chromosomal irregularities become dependent on one or several genes for maintenance and survival. [1] As a result, cancer cells rely on continuous signaling from these oncogenes for their survival. [ 2 ]
Oncogenomics is a sub-field of genomics that characterizes cancer-associated genes.It focuses on genomic, epigenomic and transcript alterations in cancer. Cancer is a genetic disease caused by accumulation of DNA mutations and epigenetic alterations leading to unrestrained cell proliferation and neoplasm formation.
Some oncogenes can also stimulate the transcription of proteins that bind to MDM2 and inhibit its activity. [citation needed] Epigenetic marks like histone methylation can also regulate p53, for example, p53 interacts directly with a repressive Trim24 cofactor that binds histones in regions of the genome that are epigenetically repressed. [52]
This page was last edited on 22 December 2018, at 00:31 (UTC).; Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License; additional terms may apply.
Bacteria involved in causing and treating cancers. This is a list of bacteria that have been identified as promoting or causing: . Uncontrolled growth of tissue in the body ...