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Hypochlorous acid is an inorganic compound with the chemical formula Cl O H, also written as HClO, HOCl, or ClHO. [ 2 ] [ 3 ] Its structure is H−O−Cl . It is an acid that forms when chlorine dissolves in water , and itself partially dissociates , forming a hypochlorite anion , ClO − .
For example, aqueous perchloric acid (HClO 4), aqueous hydrochloric acid (HCl) and aqueous nitric acid (HNO 3) are all completely ionized, and are all equally strong acids. [ 3 ] Similarly, when ammonia is the solvent, the strongest acid is ammonium (NH 4 + ), thus HCl and a super acid exert the same acidifying effect.
Chlorous acid is an inorganic compound with the formula HClO 2. It is a weak acid. Chlorine has oxidation state +3 in this acid. The pure substance is unstable, disproportionating to hypochlorous acid (Cl oxidation state +1) and chloric acid (Cl oxidation state +5): 2 HClO 2 → HClO + HClO 3
A compound which is a weak acid in water may become a strong acid in DMSO. Acetic acid is an example of such a substance. An extensive bibliography of p K a {\displaystyle \mathrm {p} K_{{\ce {a}}}} values in solution in DMSO and other solvents can be found at Acidity–Basicity Data in Nonaqueous Solvents .
It may be produced from barium chlorate through its reaction with sulfuric acid, which results in a solution of chloric acid and insoluble barium sulfate precipitate: [2] Ba(ClO 3) 2 + H 2 SO 4 → 2 HClO 3 + BaSO 4. The chlorate must be dissolved in boiling water and the acid should be somewhat diluted in water and heated before mixing.
Animation of a strong acid–strong base neutralization titration (using phenolphthalein). The equivalence point is marked in red. In chemistry, neutralization or neutralisation (see spelling differences) is a chemical reaction in which acid and a base react with an equivalent quantity of each other. In a reaction in water, neutralization ...
Perchloric acid, HClO 4; Gallery. Chlorine acids. Molecular structure of hydrochloric acid. Molecular structure of hypochlorous acid. Molecular structure of chlorous ...
Because the solvent system definition depends on the solute as well as on the solvent itself, a particular solute can be either an acid or a base depending on the choice of the solvent: HClO 4 is a strong acid in water, a weak acid in acetic acid, and a weak base in fluorosulfonic acid; this characteristic of the theory has been seen as both a ...