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Hip dysplasia is an abnormality of the hip joint where the socket portion does not fully cover the ball portion, resulting in an increased risk for joint dislocation. [4] Hip dysplasia may occur at birth or develop in early life. [4] Regardless, it does not typically produce symptoms in babies less than a year old. [5]
Metaplasia is an adaptation that replaces one type of epithelium with another that is more likely to be able to withstand the stresses it is faced with. It is also accompanied by a loss of endothelial function, and in some instances considered undesirable; this undesirability is underscored by the propensity for metaplastic regions to ...
The most common example of metaplasia is Barrett's esophagus, when the non-keratinizing squamous epithelium of the esophagus undergoes metaplasia to become mucinous columnar cells, ultimately protecting the esophagus from acid reflux originating in the stomach. If stress persists, metaplasia can progress to dysplasia and eventually carcinoma ...
Dysplasia (change in cell or tissue phenotype) Hyperplasia (proliferation of cells) Hypoplasia (congenital below-average number of cells, especially when inadequate) Metaplasia (conversion in cell type) Neoplasia (abnormal proliferation) Prosoplasia (development of new cell function) Abiotrophy (loss in vitality of organ or tissue)
This definition is important to consider when discussing dedifferentiation because the two concepts overlap closely, such that metaplasia may rely on dedifferentiation, or they may share similar pathways. Metaplasia, however, aligns more closely with transdifferentiation, because metaplasia refers more to the idea of a phenotypic transition.
The likelihood of the development to cancer is related to the degree of dysplasia. [11] Dysplasia is the earliest form of precancerous lesion which pathologists can recognize in a pap smear or in a biopsy. Dysplasia can be low grade or high grade. The risk of low-grade dysplasia transforming into high-grade dysplasia, and eventually cancer, is low.
Dysplasia can affect all three lineages seen in the bone marrow. The best way to diagnose dysplasia is by morphology and special stains used on the bone marrow aspirate and peripheral blood smear. Dysplasia in the myeloid series is defined by: Granulocytic series [citation needed]:
Dysplasia (change in cell or tissue phenotype) Hyperplasia (proliferation of cells) Hypoplasia (congenital below-average number of cells, especially when inadequate) Metaplasia (conversion in cell type) Neoplasia (abnormal proliferation) Prosoplasia (development of new cell function) Abiotrophy (loss in vitality of organ or tissue)