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The chief use of ethane is the production of ethylene (ethene) by steam cracking. Steam cracking of ethane is fairly selective for ethylene, while the steam cracking of heavier hydrocarbons yields a product mixture poorer in ethylene and richer in heavier alkenes (olefins), such as propene (propylene) and butadiene, and in aromatic hydrocarbons.
The products produced in the reaction depend on the composition of the feed, the hydrocarbon-to-steam ratio, and on the cracking temperature and furnace residence time. Light hydrocarbon feeds such as ethane, LPGs, or light naphtha give mainly lighter alkenes, including ethylene, propylene, and butadiene.
Ethylene (IUPAC name: ethene) is a hydrocarbon which has the formula C 2 H 4 or H 2 C=CH 2. It is a colourless, flammable gas with a faint "sweet and musky " odour when pure. [ 7 ] It is the simplest alkene (a hydrocarbon with carbon–carbon double bonds ).
The products produced in the reaction depend on the composition of the feed, the hydrocarbon-to-steam ratio, and on the cracking temperature and furnace residence time. Light hydrocarbon feeds such as ethane, LPGs or light naphtha give product streams rich in the lighter alkenes, including ethylene, propylene, and butadiene.
The reaction is exothermic (∆H = -280 kJ/mol) and occurs at high temperatures (750–950 ˚C). [3] In the reaction, methane (CH 4) is activated heterogeneously on the catalyst surface, forming methyl free radicals, which then couple in the gas phase to form ethane (C 2 H 6). The ethane subsequently undergoes dehydrogenation to form ethylene ...
PetroChina's (PTR) ethane-to-ethylene project will likely generate 600,000 tons of ethylene annually, 300,000 tons of high-density polyethylene and 300,000 tons of full-density polyethylene.
Hydrogenation of ethene on a catalytic solid surface (1) Adsorption (2) Reaction (3) Desorption. Heterogeneous catalysis is catalysis where the phase of catalysts differs from that of the reagents or products. [1] The process contrasts with homogeneous catalysis where the reagents, products and catalyst exist in the same phase.
Aromatic compounds, almost uniquely for hydrocarbons, undergo substitution reactions. The chemical process practiced on the largest scale is the reaction of benzene and ethene to give ethylbenzene: C 6 H 6 + C 2 H 4 → C 6 H 5 CH 2 CH 3