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A generalized tonic–clonic seizure, commonly known as a grand mal seizure or GTCS, [1] is a type of generalized seizure that produces bilateral, convulsive tonic and clonic muscle contractions. Tonic–clonic seizures are the seizure type most commonly associated with epilepsy and seizures in general and the most common seizure associated ...
Breakthrough seizures are more likely with a number of triggers. [54]: 57 Often when a breakthrough seizure occurs in a person whose seizures have always been well controlled, there is a new underlying cause to the seizure. [55] Breakthrough seizures vary. Studies have shown the rates of breakthrough seizures ranging from 11 to 37%. [56]
Such unusual presentations "may be due to ongoing seizure activity (non-convulsive status epilepticus) or persistent post-ictal dysfunction of memory-related brain structures." [ 3 ] As the amnesia resolves, the person may recall very little about it, although some memory may be retained of the fact of an episode. [ 3 ]
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Epileptogenesis is the gradual process by which a typical brain develops epilepsy. [1] Epilepsy is a chronic condition in which seizures occur. [2] These changes to the brain occasionally cause neurons to fire in an abnormal, hypersynchronous manner, known as a seizure. [3]
Seizures begin before 20 months of age and in most cases, the first seizures occur with fever and are generalized tonic-clonic (grand mal) or unilateral (one-sided) convulsions. These seizures are often prolonged, and may lead to status epilepticus, a medical emergency. In time, seizures increase in frequency and begin to occur without fever.
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Treatment of people aged twelve years of age and older with solid tumors that: have a neurotrophic tyrosine receptor kinase (NTRK) gene fusion, are locally advanced or metastatic or where surgical resection is likely to result in severe morbidity, and have progressed following treatment or have no satisfactory alternative therapy [2]
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