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A hospital-acquired infection, also known as a nosocomial infection (from the Greek nosokomeion, meaning "hospital"), is an infection that is acquired in a hospital or other healthcare facility. [1] To emphasize both hospital and nonhospital settings, it is sometimes instead called a healthcare-associated infection . [ 2 ]
Alcoholic hepatitis by itself does not lead to cirrhosis, but cirrhosis is more common in patients with long term alcohol consumption. [6] Some alcoholics develop acute hepatitis as an inflammatory reaction to the cells affected by fatty change. [6] This is not directly related to the dose of alcohol.
Heterosubtypic immunity (HSI) is defined as cross-protection to infection with an influenza A virus serotype other than the one used for primary infection." [ 1 ] In layman's terms : an 'infection with "seasonal" influenza A viruses could induce immunity against unrelated sub-strains.' [ 2 ]
Even in those who drink more than 120 g daily, only 13.5% will experience a serious alcohol-related liver injury. Nevertheless, alcohol-related mortality was the third leading cause of death in 2003 in the United States. Worldwide mortality is estimated to be 150,000 per year. [27]
AST and ALT blood levels are both elevated, but at less than 300 IU/liter, with an AST:ALT ratio > 2.0, a value rarely seen in other liver diseases. [52] In the United States, 40% of cirrhosis-related deaths are due to alcohol. [33] In non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), fat builds up in the liver and eventually causes scar tissue. [53]
Quitting alcohol or drinking moderately may help keep your numbers where they need to be, according to the American Heart Association (AHA). Systolic blood pressure, the upper number in a blood ...
Alcohol use disorder can cause a susceptibility to infection after major trauma to the lungs / respiratory system. It creates an increased risk of aspiration of gastric acid , microbes from the upper part of the throat, decreased mucus-facilitated clearance of bacterial pathogens from the upper airway and impaired pulmonary host defenses.
Alcohol product labelling could be considered as a component of a comprehensive public health strategy to reduce alcohol-related harm. Adding health labels to alcohol containers is an important first step in raising awareness and has a longer-term utility in helping to establish a social understanding of the harmful use of alcohol.