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Due to the rising prevalence of obesity in children and its many adverse health effects it is being recognized as a serious public health concern. [1] The term overweight rather than obese is often used when discussing childhood obesity, as it is less stigmatizing, although the term overweight can also refer to a different BMI category. [2]
Childhood obesity in the United States, has been a serious problem among children and adolescents, and can cause serious health problems among our youth. According to the CDC, as of 2015–2016, in the United States, 18.5% of children and adolescents have obesity, which affects approximately 13.7 million children and adolescents.
Childhood obesity is defined as a body mass index (BMI) at or above the 96th percentile for children of the same age and sex. It can cause a variety of health problems, including high blood pressure, high cholesterol, heart disease, diabetes, breathing problems, sleeping problems, and joint problems later in life. [ 1 ]
Undernutrition in children causes direct structural damage to the brain and impairs infant motor development and exploratory behavior. [14] Children who are undernourished before age two and gain weight quickly later in childhood and in adolescence are at high risk of chronic diseases related to nutrition.
Social context associated with meal-time plays a key role in factors involved with obesity. Studies have shown the effects of family meal- time in relation to childhood obesity. A study done by Jerica Berge [16] looked only that the interactions at meal times with families and neglected the types of foods they were eating. The results showed ...
Between the ages of 4–5 years the costs of childhood obesity, according to the Longitudinal Study of Australian Children, has incurred significantly higher medical and pharmaceutical bills. [4] The health system comprised direct health care, indirect health care, and burden of disease costs was estimated at $58.2 billion in 2008. [ 10 ]
Childhood Obesity is a bimonthly peer-reviewed medical journal covering childhood obesity. It was established in 2005 as Obesity Management , and changed its name to Obesity and Weight Management in 2009.
Pathophysiology of obesity is the study of disordered physiological processes that cause, result from, or are otherwise associated with obesity. A number of possible pathophysiological mechanisms have been identified which may contribute in the development and maintenance of obesity.