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GLib is a bundle of three (formerly five) low-level system libraries written in C and developed mainly by GNOME. GLib's code was separated from GTK, so it can be used by software other than GNOME and has been developed in parallel ever since. The name "GLib" originates from the project's start as a GTK C utility library.
GTK is an object-oriented widget toolkit written in the programming language C; it uses GObject (that is, the GLib object system) for object orientation. While GTK is mainly used with windowing systems based on X11 and Wayland, it works on other platforms, including Microsoft Windows (interfaced with the Windows API), and macOS (interfaced with ...
GTK 2 is no longer supported, meaning some languages below do not have current GTK support. GObject (GOB) was initially written as a central component of GTK, but outsourced into GLib . GObject Introspection is a middleware layer between C libraries (using GObject) and language bindings, e.g. PyGObject uses this, while PyGTK does not.
Depending only on GLib and libc, GObject is a cornerstone of GNOME and is used throughout GTK, Pango, ATK, and most higher-level GNOME libraries like GStreamer and applications. Prior to GTK+ 2.0, code similar to GObject was part of the GTK codebase. (The name “GObject” was not yet in use — the common baseclass was called GtkObject.)
GIO serves as low-level system library for the GNOME Shell/GNOME/GTK software stack and is being developed by The GNOME Project. It is maintained as a separate library, libgio-2.0, but it is bundled with GLib. GIO is free and open-source software released under the GNU Lesser General Public License.
Pango, GDK, ATK, GIO, Cairo and GLib. Accessibility Toolkit (ATK) is an open source software library, part of the GNOME project, which provides application programming interfaces (APIs) for implementing accessibility support in software. One common nomenclature to explain an accessibility framework is a usual client-server architecture.
Libadwaita is a library augmenting the GTK widget toolkit in a manner conformant with the GNOME Human Interface Guidelines. It lets applications change their layout based on the available screen space, integrates the Adwaita stylesheet, allows runtime recoloring with named colors and adds APIs to support the cross-desktop dark style preference.
Glade Interface Designer is a graphical user interface builder for GTK, with additional components for GNOME.In its third version, Glade is programming language–independent, and does not produce code for events, but rather an XML file that is then used with an appropriate binding (such as GtkAda for use with the Ada programming language).