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The ǃKung people of Southern Africa recognize a Supreme Being, ǃXu, who is the Creator and Upholder of life. [4] Like other African High Gods, he also punishes man by means of the weather, and the Otjimpolo-ǃKung know him as Erob, who "knows everything". [5]
Map of modern distribution of "Khoisan" languages. The territories shaded blue and green, and those to their east, are those of San peoples. The San peoples (also Saan), or Bushmen, are the members of any of the indigenous hunter-gatherer cultures of southern Africa, and the oldest surviving cultures of the region. [2]
Wandering hunters (Basarwa Bushmen), North Kalahari desert, c. 1892, from a photograph by Henry Anderson Bryden. The San people (or Basarwa [1], formerly known as "Bushmen" [2]), are one of the oldest cultures on Earth; they have lived in the area around the Kalahari Desert much longer than neighboring tribal groups. [2]
The revisionists believe the !Kung San were heavily involved in trade. They believe the San were transformed by centuries of contact with Iron Age, Bantu -speaking agro-pastoralists. [ 2 ] This argues against the idea that they were a well-adapted hunter-gatherer culture, but instead advanced only through trade and help from nearby economies.
Juǀʼhoan (English: / ˈ dʒ uː t w æ n / JOO-twan, [2] [3] Juǀʼhoan: [ʒuᵑ̊ǀʰwã]), also known as Southern or Southeastern ǃKung or ǃXun, is the southern variety of the ǃKung dialect continuum, spoken in northeastern Namibia and the Northwest District of Botswana by San Bushmen who largely identify themselves as Juǀʼhoansi.
The Hunters is a 1957 ethnographic film that documents the efforts of four !Kung men (also known as Ju/'hoansi or Bushmen) to hunt a giraffe in the Kalahari Desert of Namibia. The footage was shot by John Marshall during a Smithsonian - Harvard Peabody sponsored expedition in 1952–53. [ 2 ]
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Tricksters & Trancers: Bushman Religion and Society. Indiana: Indiana University Press. Hastings, James (2003). Encyclopedia of Religion and Ethics Part 2. Kessinger Publishing. ISBN 0-7661-3670-1. Heinz, H-J. 1975. Elements of ǃKo Bushmen religious beliefs. Anthropos 70:17–41. Hewitt, R.L. (1986). Narratives of the Southern San. Quellen zur ...