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Quercus coccifera, the kermes oak or holly oak, [3] is an oak shrub or tree in section Ilex of the genus. [4] It has many synonyms, including Quercus calliprinos. [2] It is native to the Mediterranean region and Northern African Maghreb, south to north from Morocco to France and west to east from Portugal to Cyprus and Turkey, crossing Spain, Italy, Libya, the Balkans, and Greece, including Crete.
The ring-cupped oaks (synonym genus Cyclobalanopsis), native to eastern and southeastern tropical Asia. They have corns with distinctive cups bearing concrescent rings of scales. [ 2 ] They commonly also have densely clustered acorns, though this does not apply to all of the species.
Oaks are affected by a large number of pests and diseases. For instance, Q. robur and Q. petraea in Britain host 423 insect species. [ 54 ] This diversity includes 106 macro-moths , 83 micro-moths , 67 beetles , 53 cynipoidean wasps, 38 heteropteran bugs, 21 auchenorrhynchan bugs, 17 sawflies , and 15 aphids . [ 54 ]
Quercus cerris, the Turkey oak or Austrian oak, [3] [4] is an oak native to south-eastern Europe and Asia Minor.It is the type species of Quercus sect. Cerris, a section of the genus characterised by shoot buds surrounded by soft bristles, bristle-tipped leaf lobes, and acorns that usually mature in 18 months.
Quercus robur, the pedunculate oak or English oak, [3] [4] is a species of flowering plant in the beech and oak family, Fagaceae.It is a large tree, native to most of Europe and western Asia, and is widely cultivated in other temperate regions.
Quercus frainetto is a large deciduous tree, reaching heights of 38 metres (125 feet) tall by 20 m (66 ft) broad, [3] with a trunk girth of nearly 2 m (7 ft). The bark is light gray in colour and cracks into small square cracking plates.
Quercus ithaburensis, the Mount Tabor oak, is a tree in the beech family Fagaceae.It is found from southeastern Italy to the Levant. [2] It is the national tree of Jordan. [4]
The species is commonly found in moist canyons and on ridges. [8] It also is found in coniferous forests and high elevated lands from 1,500–2,400 m (5,000 to 8,000 ft) above sea level. [6]