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The voiceless dental non-sibilant fricative is a type of consonantal sound used in some spoken languages.It is familiar to most English speakers as the 'th' in think.Though rather rare as a phoneme among the world's languages, it is encountered in some of the most widespread and influential ones.
The following is the chart of the International Phonetic Alphabet, a standardized system of phonetic symbols devised and maintained by the International Phonetic Association. It is not a complete list of all possible speech sounds in the world's languages, only those about which stand-alone articles exist in this encyclopedia.
The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents voiceless dental, alveolar, and postalveolar plosives is t , and the equivalent X-SAMPA symbol is t. The voiceless dental plosive can be distinguished with the underbridge diacritic, t̪ and the postalveolar with a retraction line, t̠ , and the Extensions to the IPA have a ...
The voiceless dental non-sibilant affricate is a type of consonantal sound used in some spoken languages. The symbols in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represent this sound are t͡θ , t͜θ , t̪͡θ , and t̟͡θ .
Only the black symbols are on the official IPA chart; additional symbols are in grey. The grey fricatives are part of the extIPA, and the grey retroflex letters are mentioned or implicit in the Handbook. The grey click is a retired IPA letter that is still in use. The International Phonetic Alphabet is occasionally modified by the Association.
In standard English, the phonetic realization of the two dental fricative phonemes shows less variation than many other English consonants. Both are pronounced either interdentally, with the blade of the tongue resting against the lower part of the back of the upper teeth and the tip protruding slightly, or with the tip of the tongue against the back of the upper teeth.
The symbol that represents this sound in the International Phonetic Alphabet is ʈ . Like all the retroflex consonants , the IPA symbol is formed by adding a rightward-pointing hook extending from the bottom of "t" (the letter used for the equivalent alveolar consonant ).
The voiceless alveolar sibilant affricate [t͡s] is the most common type, similar to the ts in English cats. The voiceless alveolar non-sibilant affricate [t͡θ̠] or [t͡θ͇], using the alveolar diacritic from the Extended IPA, is somewhat similar to the th in some pronunciations of English eighth.