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Settlement involves the delivery of securities from one party to another. Delivery usually takes place against payment known as delivery versus payment, but some deliveries are made without a corresponding payment (sometimes referred to as a free delivery, free of payment or FOP [4] delivery, or in the United States, delivery versus free [5]).
Non-DvP settlement processes typically expose the parties to settlement risk. They are known by a variety of names, including free delivery, free of payment or FOP [3] delivery, or in the United States, delivery versus free. [4] FOP settlement involves delivery of the securities without a simultaneous transfer of funds – hence 'free of payment'.
Financial market infrastructure refers to systems and entities involved in clearing, settlement, and the recording of payments, securities, derivatives, and other financial transactions. [1] Depending on context, financial market infrastructure may refer to the category in general, or to individual companies or entities (thus also used in ...
In trading, clearing is necessary because the speed of trades is much faster than the cycle time for completing the underlying transaction. It involves the management of post-trading, pre-settlement credit exposures to ensure that trades are settled in accordance with market rules, even if a buyer or seller should become insolvent prior to settlement.
Securities lending is legal and clearly regulated in most of the world's major securities markets. Most markets mandate that the borrowing of securities be conducted only for specifically permitted purposes, which generally include: to facilitate settlement of a trade, to facilitate delivery of a short sale, to finance the security, or
In a spot market, settlement normally happens in T+2 working days, i.e., delivery of cash and commodity must be done after two working days of the trade date. [1] A spot market can be through an exchange or over-the-counter (OTC). Spot markets can operate wherever the infrastructure exists to conduct the transaction.
Special settlements in the securities markets exist for OTC trades. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] It allows a settlement day to be chosen at the time of trading which is outside of the market norms. This is often used to allow financing of short term positions outside of the traders ability.
Securitization is the financial practice of pooling various types of contractual debt such as residential mortgages, commercial mortgages, auto loans or credit card debt obligations (or other non-debt assets which generate receivables) and selling their related cash flows to third party investors as securities, which may be described as bonds, pass-through securities, or collateralized debt ...