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All plasma proteins except Gamma-globulins are synthesised in the liver. [1] Human serum albumin, osmolyte and carrier protein; α-fetoprotein, the fetal counterpart of serum albumin; Soluble plasma fibronectin, forming a blood clot that stops bleeding; C-reactive protein, opsonin on microbes, [2] acute phase protein; Various other globulins
Liver cirrhosis can lead to increased intrahepatic vascular resistance and vasodilation of portal system arteries, both of which increase pressure in the portal vein. [4] Color Doppler Ultrasound is the most useful imaging tool used to identify aneurysms, thrombosis, and branching patterns of the portal venous system, and to determine if ...
The liver is the major site of first pass effect; however, it can also occur in the lungs, vasculature or other metabolically active tissues in the body. Notable drugs that experience a significant first pass effect are buprenorphine , chlorpromazine , cimetidine , diazepam , ethanol (drinking alcohol), imipramine , insulin , lidocaine ...
The liver, viewed from above, showing the left and right lobes separated by the falciform ligament. The liver is a dark reddish brown, wedge-shaped organ with two lobes of unequal size and shape. A human liver normally weighs approximately 1.5 kilograms (3.3 pounds) [11] and has a width of about 15 centimetres (6 inches). [12]
Ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA), also known as ursodiol, is a secondary bile acid, produced in humans and most other species from metabolism by intestinal bacteria.It is synthesized in the liver in some species, and was first identified in bile of bears of genus Ursus, from which its name derived. [8]
A liver support system or diachysis is a type of therapeutic device to assist in performing the functions of the liver. Such systems focus either on removing the accumulating toxins (liver dialysis), or providing additional replacement of the metabolic functions of the liver through the inclusion of hepatocytes to the device (bioartificial liver device).
Enterohepatic circulation of drugs. Enterohepatic circulation is the circulation of biliary acids, bilirubin, drugs or other substances from the liver to the bile, followed by entry into the small intestine, absorption by the enterocyte and transport back to the liver.
In chronic liver diseases such as cirrhosis, bile acids may deposit in the skin, causing pruritus (itching). Hence, bile acid sequestrants may be used for the prevention of pruritus in patients with chronic liver disease. [10] Bile acid sequestrants may also be used to treat hyperthyroidism as an adjunct therapy.