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Inbreeding is the production of ... and poor breeding success. ... The goal of preventing the transfer of deleterious alleles may be achieved by reproductive ...
In inbreeding, loss of heterozygosity contributes to the overall decreased reproductive success, but when individuals engage in extra-pair copulations, mating between genetically dissimilar individuals leads to increased heterozygosity. [35] Extra-pair copulations involve a number of costs and benefits for both male and female animals.
The maximum avoidance of inbreeding (MAI) scheme allows control at a group level rather than an individual level by rotating individuals between groups to avoid inbreeding. [42] Facilities can use intensive housing compared to group housing to allow for easier reproductive success and create more genetic diversity within a population.
Reproductive success turns into a part of fitness when the offspring are actually recruited into the breeding population. If offspring quantity is not correlated with quality this holds up, but if not then reproductive success must be adjusted by traits that predict juvenile survival in order to be measured effectively. [1] Quality and quantity ...
The effective population size (N e) is the size of an idealised population that would experience the same rate of genetic drift as the real population. The effective population size is normally smaller than the census population size N, partly because chance events prevent some individuals from breeding, and partly due to background selection and genetic hitchhiking.
Sperm competition is an evolutionary pressure on males, and has led to the development of adaptations to increase male's chance of reproductive success. [3] Sperm competition results in a sexual conflict between males and females. [ 2 ]
As a result of low reproductive success, artificial insemination with fresh/frozen-thawed sperm was developed which increased cub survival rate. A 2014 study found that high levels of genetic diversity and low levels of inbreeding were estimated in the breeding centers. [43]
Kin recognition is an adaptive behavior observed in living beings to prevent inbreeding, and increase fitness of populations, individuals and genes. Kin recognition is the key to successful reciprocal altruism, a behavior that increases reproductive success of both organisms