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The Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, [b] formally known as the Kingdom of Poland and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania [c] and also referred to as Poland–Lithuania or the First Polish Republic, [d] [9] [10] was a federative real union [11] between the Kingdom of Poland and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, existing from 1569 to 1795.
During the times of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, the Latin expression Pro Fide, Lege et Rege ("For Faith, Law and King") was in use. [15] National bell The Sigismund Bell (Dzwon Zygmunt or Dzwon Zygmunta). Named after King Sigismund I of Poland and cast in 1520, it hangs at Wawel Cathedral in Kraków. At present, it is the second ...
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Polish heraldry is the study of the coats of arms that have historically been used in Poland and the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth. It treats of specifically Polish heraldic traits and of the Polish heraldic system, contrasted with heraldic systems used elsewhere, notably in Western Europe.
Instead, the flag is defined by the Coat of Arms Act which specifies two variants of the national flag: the national flag of the Republic of Poland (flaga państwowa Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej) and the national flag with coat of arms of the Republic of Poland (flaga państwowa z godłem Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej). Both flags are defined in ...
Tatars in Belarus according to 2009 census A flag of Lipka Tatars in Belarus. Today there are about 10,000–15,000 Lipka Tatars in the former areas of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth. The majority of descendants of Tatar families in Poland can trace their descent from the nobles of the early Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth.
Coat of arms of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth; Armiger: King of Poland/Grand Duke of Lithuania: Adopted: Following 1386 [Note 1] [citation needed] Shield: Quarterly 1st and 4th Gules, an eagle argent, crowned or; 2nd and 3rd, Gules, Pogonia. [1] [2] [3] [4]
The adjectival terms Lithuanian and Polish-Lithuanian have been used to describe groups residing in the Commonwealth that did not share the Lithuanian ethnicity nor their pre-dominant Christian faith, [3] for example in the description of the Lipka Tatars (Lithuanian Tatars), a Muslim community, [4] and Litvaks (Lithuanian Jews), a significant ...