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  2. Thrust-to-weight ratio - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thrust-to-weight_ratio

    Take-off can occur when the vehicle's g-force exceeds local gravity (expressed as a multiple of g 0). The thrust-to-weight ratio of rockets typically greatly exceeds that of airbreathing jet engines because the comparatively far greater density of rocket fuel eliminates the need for much engineering materials to pressurize it.

  3. TNT equivalent - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TNT_equivalent

    TNT equivalent is a convention for expressing energy, typically used to describe the energy released in an explosion.The ton of TNT is a unit of energy defined by convention to be 4.184 gigajoules (1 gigacalorie), [1] which is the approximate energy released in the detonation of a metric ton (1,000 kilograms) of TNT.

  4. Izod impact strength test - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Izod_impact_strength_test

    The ASTM International standard for Izod Impact testing of plastics is ASTM D256. The results are expressed in energy lost per unit of thickness (such as ft·lb/in or J/cm) at the notch. Alternatively, the results may be reported as energy lost per unit cross-sectional area at the notch (J/m 2 or ft·lb/in 2).

  5. Charpy impact test - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charpy_impact_test

    Impact tests on natural materials (can be considered as low-strength), such as wood, are used to study the material toughness and are subjected to a number of issues that include the interaction between the pendulum and a specimen as well as higher modes of vibration and multiple contacts between pendulum tup and the specimen.

  6. Orders of magnitude (energy) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orders_of_magnitude_(energy)

    Impact event that formed the Siljan Ring, the largest impact structure in Europe [226] 2.4×10 22 J: Estimated energy contained in the world's coal reserves as of 2010 [213] [227] 2.9×10 22 J: Identified global uranium-238 resources using fast reactor technology [217] 3.9×10 22 J: Estimated energy contained in the world's fossil fuel reserves ...

  7. Kip (unit) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kip_(unit)

    A kip is a US customary unit of force. It equals 1000 pounds-force, and is used primarily by structural engineers to indicate forces where the value represented in pound-force is inefficient. Although uncommon, it is occasionally also considered a unit of mass, equal to 1000 pounds (i.e. one half of a short ton).

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  9. Shock (mechanics) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shock_(mechanics)

    In mechanics and physics, shock is a sudden acceleration caused, for example, by impact, drop, kick, earthquake, or explosion. Shock is a transient physical excitation. Shock describes matter subject to extreme rates of force with respect to time. Shock is a vector that has units of an acceleration (rate of change of velocity).