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Latin (lingua Latina, pronounced [ˈlɪŋɡʷa ɫaˈtiːna], or Latinum [ɫaˈtiːnʊ̃]) is a classical language belonging to the Italic branch of the Indo-European languages. Latin was originally spoken by the Latins in Latium (now known as Lazio), the lower Tiber area around Rome, Italy. [1]
Vulgar Latin (in Latin, sermo vulgaris) is a blanket term covering vernacular usage or dialects of the Latin language spoken from earliest times in Italy until the latest dialects of the Western Roman Empire, diverging significantly after 500 AD, evolved into the early Romance languages, whose writings began to appear about the 9th century.
Latin became the language of conquered areas because local people started speaking it, and not because the population was displaced by Latin-speakers. [18] Latin was not imposed officially on peoples brought under Roman rule. [19] Saint Augustine observed that Romans preferred for Latin to be adopted per pacem societatis, through a social pact ...
The term was related to the predominance of the Latin Church, which is the largest autonomous particular church within the broader Catholic Church, and took its name from its origins in the Latin-speaking world which had Rome as its center. [7] Latin was generally a negative characterization, especially after the 1054 schism. [4]
Medieval Latin had an enlarged vocabulary, which freely borrowed from other sources. It was heavily influenced by the language of the Vulgate, which contained many peculiarities alien to Classical Latin that resulted from a more or less direct translation from Greek and Hebrew; the peculiarities mirrored the original not only in its vocabulary but also in its grammar and syntax.
The Latin script originated in archaic antiquity in the Latium region in central Italy.It is generally held that the Latins, one of many ancient Italic tribes, adopted the western variant of the Greek alphabet in the 7th century BCE [1] from Cumae, a Greek colony in southern Italy – making the early Latin alphabet one among several Old Italic scripts emerging at the time.
Besides Latin, putative members of the West Italic group are Faliscan (now regarded as merely a Latin dialect), [21] and perhaps Siculian, spoken in eastern Sicily. The West Italic languages were thus spoken in limited and isolated areas, whereas the "East Italic" group comprised the Oscan and Umbrian dialects spoken over much of central and ...
When Roosevelt attempted to speak with a native German, he had to apologize after botching the attempt. [30] While not fluent in the language, Roosevelt was also able to read Italian. [32] Though he at one point studied Greek and Latin, Roosevelt found both languages a "dreary labor" to translate. [33]