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(Port zero is not a usable port number.) Most services use one, or at most a limited range of, port numbers. Some port scanners scan only the most common port numbers, or ports most commonly associated with vulnerable services, on a given host. The result of a scan on a port is usually generalized into one of three categories:
Scanning: Uses technical tools to further the attacker's knowledge of the system. For example, Nmap can be used to scan for open ports. Gaining access: Using the data gathered in the reconnaissance and scanning phases, the attacker can use a payload to exploit the targeted system.
Banner grabbing is a technique used to gain information about a computer system on a network and the services running on its open ports. Administrators can use this to take inventory of the systems and services on their network.
That is the reason by which it may be named a Pre-Attack, since all the information is reviewed in order to get a complete and successful resolution of the attack. Footprinting is also used by ethical hackers and penetration testers to find security flaws and vulnerabilities within their own company's network before a malicious hacker does. [3]
Defeating port knocking protection requires large-scale brute force attacks in order to discover even simple sequences. An anonymous brute force attack against a three-knock TCP sequence (e.g. port 1000, 2000, 3000) would require an attacker to test every three port combination in the 1–65535 range and then scan each port between attacks to uncover any changes in port access on the target ...
Network enumeration is a computing activity in which usernames and info on groups, shares, and services of networked computers are retrieved. It should not be confused with network mapping, which only retrieves information about which servers are connected to a specific network and what operating system runs on them.
An idle scan is a TCP port scan method for determining what services are open on a target computer [1] without leaving traces pointing back at oneself. This is accomplished by using packet spoofing to impersonate another computer (called a " zombie ") so that the target believes it's being accessed by the zombie.
Fast scan (nmap -F [target]) – Performing a basic port scan for fast result. Host discovery – Identifying hosts on a network. For example, listing the hosts that respond to TCP and/or ICMP requests or have a particular port open. Port scanning – Enumerating the open ports on target hosts.