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The substrate is then rotated at speeds up to 10,000 rpm to spread the coating material by centrifugal force. A machine used for spin coating is called a spin coater, or simply spinner. [1] Rotation is continued while the fluid spins off the edges of the substrate, until the desired thickness of the film is achieved.
Dynamic (electrical overhead-)line rating is a great opportunity for transmission line operators (any voltage from 15 kV to 735 kV and over). It has been studied for more than 20 years inside CIGRE and IEEE working groups.
Slot-die coating is a non-contact coating method, in which the slot-die is typically held over the substrate at a height several times higher than the target wet film thickness. [23] The coating fluid transfers from the slot-die to the substrate via a fluid bridge that spans the air gap between the slot-die lips and substrate surface.
A type of transmission line called a cage line, used for high power, low frequency applications. It functions similarly to a large coaxial cable. It functions similarly to a large coaxial cable. This example is the antenna feed line for a longwave radio transmitter in Poland , which operates at a frequency of 225 kHz and a power of 1200 kW.
Distribution of current flow in a cylindrical conductor, shown in cross section. For alternating current , current density decreases exponentially from the surface towards the inside. Skin depth, δ, is defined as the depth where the current density is just 1/e (about 37%) of the value at the surface; it depends on the frequency of the current ...
Molecular weight, molecular-weight distribution and architecture (branched, linear etc.) of the polymer; Solution properties (viscosity, conductivity, and surface tension) Electric potential, flow rate and concentration; Distance between the capillary and collection screen; Ambient parameters (temperature, humidity and air velocity in the chamber)
In very high voltage electric power transmission lines and equipment, corona results in an economically significant waste of power and may deteriorate the hardware from its original state. In devices such as electrostatic generators , Marx generators , and tube-type television sets, the current load caused by corona leakage can reduce the ...
The advantage of twin-roll melt spinning is that it gives a high degree of control over the thickness of the resulting ribbon. With a single roller, controlling ribbon thickness is complicated involving close control over the flow rate of the melt, rotational speed of the wheel, and temperature of the melt.