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In veterinary medicine a bolus is a large time-release tablet that stays in the rumen of cattle, goats, and sheep. It can also refer to a dose of liquid injected subcutaneously with a hypodermic needle, such as saline solution administered either to counteract dehydration or especially to mitigate kidney failure, a common ailment in domestic cats.
In addition to pharmacological effects, rectal administration has some properties which can be advantageous for the use in medicine. Rectal administration can allow patients to remain in the home setting when the oral route is compromised.
The gauge of the needle used can range from 25 gauge to 27 gauge, while the length can vary between 1 ⁄ 2-inch to 5 ⁄ 8-inch for injections using a syringe and needle. [ 3 ] : 722 For subcutaneous injections delivered using devices such as injector pens , the needle used may be as thin as 34 gauge (commonly 30–32 gauge), and as short as 3 ...
Intravenous therapy (abbreviated as IV therapy) is a medical technique that administers fluids, medications and nutrients directly into a person's vein.The intravenous route of administration is commonly used for rehydration or to provide nutrients for those who cannot, or will not—due to reduced mental states or otherwise—consume food or water by mouth.
Intraosseous infusion (IO) is the process of injecting medication, fluids, or blood products directly into the bone marrow; [1] this provides a non-collapsible entry point into the systemic venous system. [2]
The user interface of pumps usually requests details on the type of infusion from the technician or nurse that sets them up: . Continuous infusion usually consists of small pulses of infusion, usually between 500 nanoliters and 10 milliliters, depending on the pump's design, with the rate of these pulses depending on the programmed infusion speed.
In pharmacokinetics, a loading dose is an initial higher dose of a drug that may be given at the beginning of a course of treatment before dropping down to a lower maintenance dose.
Intrathecal administration is often used for a single 24-hour dose of analgesia (opioid with local anesthetic).Caution should be exercised with intrathecal opioids due to the risk of late onset hypoventilation.