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  2. List of individual gemstones - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_individual_gemstones

    Samarian Spinel, the world's largest spinel; Menshikov Ruby, the world's second largest spinel set on top of the Great Imperial Crown of Russia; Timur Ruby, believed to be a ruby until 1851, hence its name; Black Prince's Ruby, the famous spinel mounted on the Imperial State Crown of the United Kingdom

  3. Spinel - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spinel

    Some spinels are among the most famous gemstones; among them are the Black Prince's Ruby and the "Timur ruby" in the British Crown Jewels, [11] and the "Côte de Bretagne", formerly from the French Crown jewels. [12] The Samarian Spinel is the largest known spinel in the world, weighing 500 carats (100 g). [13]

  4. Samarian spinel - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samarian_Spinel

    It and a smaller 270-carat (54 g) spinel were captured and taken to Iran by Nader Shah following his 18th-century invasion of India.. The Samarian spinel has a hole in it. According to a diary entry of the court physician to Naser al-Din Shah Qajar, the shah told the physician that the stone once adorned the neck of the biblical golden calf, which the Israelites are said to have made while ...

  5. Gemstone industry in Greenland - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gemstone_industry_in_Greenland

    Gemstones have been found in Greenland, including diamond, ruby, sapphire, kornerupine, tugtupite, lapis lazuli, amazonite, peridot, quartz, spinel, topaz, and tourmaline. [1] Most of Greenland's ruby and sapphire occurrences are located near the village of Fiskenaesset/ Qeqertarsuatsiaat on the southwest coast.

  6. Black Prince's Ruby - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_Prince's_Ruby

    The gemstone at the front of the Imperial State Crown. The Black Prince's Ruby is a large, irregular cabochon red spinel weighing 170 carats (34 g) set in the cross pattée above the Cullinan II diamond at the front of the Imperial State Crown of the United Kingdom.

  7. Taaffeite - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taaffeite

    Taaffeite (/ ˈ t ɑː f aɪ t /; BeMgAl 4 O 8) is a mineral, named after its discoverer Richard Taaffe (1898–1967) who found the first sample, a cut and polished gem, in October 1945 in a jeweler's shop in Dublin, Ireland. [4] [5] As such, it is the only gemstone to have

  8. List of gemstones by species - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_gemstones_by_species

    Gemstones of the World revised 5th edition, 2013 by Walter Schumann ISBN 978-1454909538 Smithsonian Handbook: Gemstones by Cally Hall, 2nd ed. 2002 ISBN 978-0789489852 hide

  9. Spinel group - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spinel_group

    Inverse spinel structures have a different cation distribution in that all of the A cations and half of the B cations occupy octahedral sites, while the other half of the B cations occupy tetrahedral sites. An example of an inverse spinel is Fe 3 O 4, if the Fe 2+ (A 2+) ions are d 6 high-spin and the Fe 3+ (B 3+) ions are d 5 high-spin.