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  2. Jablonski diagram - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jablonski_diagram

    The changes between these levels are called "transitions" and are plotted on the Jablonski diagram. Radiative transitions involve either the absorption or emission of a photon. As mentioned above, these transitions are denoted with solid arrows with their tails at the initial energy level and their tips at the final energy level.

  3. Emission spectrum - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emission_spectrum

    An emission spectrum is formed when an excited gas is viewed directly through a spectroscope. Schematic diagram of spontaneous emission. Emission spectroscopy is a spectroscopic technique which examines the wavelengths of photons emitted by atoms or molecules during their transition from an excited state to a lower energy state.

  4. Energy level - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Energy_level

    An increase in energy level from E 1 to E 2 resulting from absorption of a photon represented by the red squiggly arrow, and whose energy is h ν. A decrease in energy level from E 2 to E 1 resulting in emission of a photon represented by the red squiggly arrow, and whose energy is h ν.

  5. Atomic spectroscopy - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atomic_spectroscopy

    In optical spectroscopy, energy absorbed to move an electron to a higher energy level (higher orbital) and/or the energy emitted as the electron moves to a lower energy level is absorbed or emitted in the form of photons (light particles). Because each element has a unique number of electrons, an atom will absorb/release energy in a pattern ...

  6. Franck–Condon principle - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franck–Condon_principle

    Franck–Condon principle energy diagram. Since electronic transitions are very fast compared with nuclear motions, the vibrational states to and from which absorption and emission occur are those that correspond to a minimal change in the nuclear coordinates.

  7. Spectrum (physical sciences) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spectrum_(physical_sciences)

    The absorption spectrum of a chemical element or chemical compound is the spectrum of frequencies or wavelengths of incident radiation that are absorbed by the compound due to electron transitions from a lower to a higher energy state. The emission spectrum refers to the spectrum of radiation emitted by the compound due to electron transitions ...

  8. Einstein coefficients - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Einstein_coefficients

    Stimulated emission (also known as induced emission) is the process by which an electron is induced to jump from a higher energy level to a lower one by the presence of electromagnetic radiation at (or near) the frequency of the transition. From the thermodynamic viewpoint, this process must be regarded as negative absorption.

  9. Schwarzschild's equation for radiative transfer - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schwarzschild's_equation...

    The second term describes absorption of radiation by the molecules in a short segment of the radiation's path (ds) and the first term describes emission by those same molecules. In a non-homogeneous medium, these parameters can vary with altitude and location along the path, formally making these terms n ( s ) , σ λ ( s ) , T ( s ) , and I λ ...