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The voiceless glottal fricative, sometimes called voiceless glottal transition or the aspirate, [1] [2] is a type of sound used in some spoken languages that patterns like a fricative or approximant consonant phonologically, but often lacks the usual phonetic characteristics of a consonant.
The voiceless uvular fricative is a type of consonantal sound that is used in some spoken languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound is χ , the Greek chi. The sound is represented by x̣ (ex with underdot), or sometimes by x̌ (ex with caron), in Americanist phonetic notation.
A sonority hierarchy or sonority scale is a hierarchical ranking of speech sounds (or phones).Sonority is loosely defined as the loudness of speech sounds relative to other sounds of the same pitch, length and stress, [1] therefore sonority is often related to rankings for phones to their amplitude. [2]
[2] Within the chart “close”, “open”, “mid”, “front”, “central”, and “back” refer to the placement of the sound within the mouth. [3] At points where two sounds share an intersection, the left is unrounded, and the right is rounded which refers to the shape of the lips while making the sound. [4]
H-dropping or aitch-dropping is the deletion of the voiceless glottal fricative or "H-sound", [h]. The phenomenon is common in many dialects of English , and is also found in certain other languages, either as a purely historical development or as a contemporary difference between dialects.
Rhoticity – GA is rhotic while RP is non-rhotic; that is, the phoneme /r/ is only pronounced in RP when it is immediately followed by a vowel sound. [5] Where GA pronounces /r/ before a consonant and at the end of an utterance, RP either has no consonant (if the preceding vowel is /ɔː/, /ɜ:/ or /ɑː/, as in bore, burr and bar) or has a schwa instead (the resulting sequences being ...
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The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound is xʷ or occasionally ʍ . The letter ʍ was defined as a "voiceless [w] " until 1979, [ 1 ] when it was defined as a fricative with the place of articulation of [k͡p] the same way that [w] is an approximant with the place of articulation of [ɡ͡b] . [ 2 ]